Arctic hydrogeology and paleoclimatology

冰冻圈大约占加拿大陆地面积的一半，它被常年冻结的地形--永久冻土--所覆盖，这极大地改变了我们所知的通过温带景观中的分水岭控制水运动的机制。地下水通过永久冻土中的塔里克(未冻结)带的移动是北极水文循环的一个重要组成部分，因为它为鱼类产卵栖息地提供了基流。它参与了叠层石的形成，生物矿化保存了古气候信息以及极端环境中生命的信息。塔里克地下水的长期影响还包括在冰川/间冰期周期范围内对北部采矿和核废料储存库的影响。尽管目前人们对地下水在北方的作用知之甚少，但对其在过去北极气候下的作用更是知之甚少。

The cryosphere constitutes roughly one half of Canada's land mass, and is underlain by perennially frozen terrain - permafrost - that greatly alters the mechanisms we know to govern water movement through watersheds in temperate landscapes. Groundwater movement through talik (unfrozen) zones in permafrost is an important component of the Arctic hydrological cycle, as it provides base flow for fish spawning habitat. It is involved in the formation of endostromatolites, biomineralizations that hold paleoclimate information as well as information on life in extreme environments. Long-term impacts of groundwater in talik also include effects on mining in the north and on nuclear waste repositories over the scale of glacial/interglacial cycles. While little is known about the role of groundwater in the north today, even less is understood about its role under past Arctic climates.