Advanced tools for computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery

在过去的十年中，计算机辅助手术已经从概念到原型再到产品，外科医生现在能够以定量的方式使用成像和运动学数据来精确地指导他们的干预。然而，在骨科中的应用很少被广泛采用。其中一个主要原因是，第一代计算机辅助骨科应用依赖于昂贵的成像技术，而这些技术根本不用于常规手术，或者它们使用了从工业系统修改而来的复杂而昂贵的机器人设备。手术时间通常会延长，并且系统通常无法充分预测手术选择对其他相关结果的影响。此外，已经商业化的系统通常非常昂贵（基于图像的系统大约为25万美元，而包含机器人的系统则高达100万美元），因此大多数医院，特别是加拿大的医院，无法证明其购买的合理性。

Over the past decade, computer-assisted surgery has moved from concept to prototype to product and surgeons are now able to use imaging and kinematic data in quantitative ways to precisely guide their interventions. However, few applications in orthopaedics have been widely adopted. One major reason for this is that the first generation of computer-assisted applications in orthopaedics have relied on costly imaging techniques that are simply not used for routine procedures or they have used complex and expensive robotic devices modified from industrial systems. Operating times are typically extended, and often the systems do not adequately predict the consequences of surgical choices on other outcomes of interest. Furthermore, the systems that have been commercialized are generally quite costly (on the order of $250,000 for image-based systems and upwards of $1M for systems incorporating robots), so most hospitals, particularly those in Canada, have not been able to justify their purchase.