A unified approach toward understanding the surface electromyographic signal

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A whole muscle may contain several hundreds of thousands of individual muscle fibers. These fibers are grouped into functional units (10 - 1000 fibers) activated by a single motor neuron. A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that it activates is a call a motor unit (MU). The MU is the basic building block of force production. Force can be increased by recruiting additional MUs, or by increasing the number of times per second (frequency) that each MU is activated. Activating MUs more frequently allows the forces generated by the MUs to overlap in time to a greater degree and sum up more efficiently. Similarly, the nervous system can also recruit groups of MUs more synchronously so that there is a near perfect summation of forces.