An experimental study of rates of Ca/Mg orthosilicate dissolution and carbonation in supercritical H2O-CO2 fluids

稳定大气中的二氧化碳浓度将是人类在未来几十年面临的最大挑战之一。这将需要限制排放以及二氧化碳捕获和封存(CCS)。已经提出了几条CCS路线，但人们普遍认为，二氧化碳矿化是最持久和最安全的选择。这是发生在岩石风化过程中的碳酸盐矿物形成过程，对于橄榄石等正硅酸盐矿物来说，形成速度最快。尽管含有橄榄石的岩石(如橄榄岩)偶尔会暴露在地球表面，其自然碳化作用已为人所熟知，但尚未建立起自我传播的、人工诱导的碳化作用过程，而且仅在有限的条件下研究了二氧化碳与岩石之间的反应速度。通过二氧化碳排放限额和交易政策，工业面临的挑战将是开发安全处置二氧化碳的技术。占全球人为二氧化碳排放量约7%的钢铁行业，减少二氧化碳排放的选择有限，而且肯定会

Stabilizing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will be one of mankind's greatest challenges during the next few decades. This will require curbing emissions as well as CO2 capture and storage (CCS). Several CCS routes have been proposed, but it is generally accepted that CO2 mineralization is the most durable and safest option. This is the process of carbonate mineral formation that occurs during the weathering of rocks, and is fastest with orthosilicate minerals such as olivine. Although olivine-bearing rocks (e.g., peridotites) are exposed occasionally at the Earth's surface and their natural carbonation is well-understood, a self-propagating, artificially-induced carbonation process has not been established, and rates of reaction between CO2 and rock have been studied only for limited conditions. The challenge for industry, presented through CO2 cap-and-trade policies, will be to develop technology to safely dispose of CO2. The steel industry, which is responsible for ~7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, has limited options for reducing its CO2 output and will certainly