Quantum resource theories

传统上，量子理论被认为对我们施加了相对于我们在一个由经典理论统治的世界中所面临的额外限制。然而，现在有许多利用量子效应的协议在信息处理任务中的表现优于经典协议的例子。这些任务包括加密任务，如安全密钥分发和计算任务，如寻找大量的素因数。计量学中也有一些任务，比如建造高精度的时钟和陀螺仪，并为它们的同步和校准实现更好的协议，这方面量子技术可以提供优势。事实证明，我们受益于生活在量子世界中，而不是遭受痛苦。

Quantum theory has traditionally been considered to impose upon us additional limitations relative to what we would face in a world that was governed by a classical theory. However, there are now many examples of information-processing tasks for which protocols making use of quantum effects outperform their classical counterparts. These include cryptographic tasks such as secure key distribution and computational tasks such as finding the prime factors of a large number. There are also tasks in metrology such as building high precision clocks and gyroscopes and achieving better protocols for their synchronization and alignment, for which quantum technologies can offer advantages. As it turns out, we benefit rather than suffer from living in a quantum world.