Biosystematic studies on the goldenrod genus solidago and related astereae

一枝黄花属中的黄花是非常常见的野花，通常在当地丰富，并出现在加拿大和美国的每个省和州以及墨西哥，南美洲，欧洲和东亚的部分地区。 一些物种被引入世界许多地方，有时是入侵性的外来物种。 拟议的研究的主要重点将是完成对不同群体的一枝黄花的形态学和地理学的个别研究，并将这些研究与以前的研究联合收割机结合成一本关于世界一枝黄花的书。 许多种类的一枝黄花都非常稀有;有些被正式列为受威胁或濒危物种。 其他黄菊分布广泛且数量丰富，因此被认为是农田上令人讨厌的杂草。 黄花菜经常被生态学家和进化生物学家研究，作为昆虫/植物关系的更一般问题的模型。 然而，没有详细的专题水平的分类治疗的整个属已出版。有些物种从未详细说明，也没有详细的分布图。区域植物区系中现有的处理方法在报告物种数量和如何识别它们方面并不一致。 申请人花了三十多年的时间研究一枝黄花、相关的黄花和紫苑，并且是《北美植物群一枝黄花的处理》（2006年）的主要作者。 拟议的研究将扩大这种分类学处理，包括加拿大和美国以外的所有黄花菜。由此产生的高度说明专着将提供一个迫切需要的标准参考大量的人在一枝黄花上的区域植物区系和生态和进化研究可以可靠地根据。

Goldenrods in the genus Solidago are very common wild flowers, often locally abundant, and occur in every province and state in Canada and the United States and in parts of Mexico, South America, Europe and Eastern Asia. A few species have been introduced into many parts of the world and are sometimes invasive aliens. The primary focus of the proposed research will be to complete individual studies on the morphology and biogeography of different groups of goldenrods and combine these with previous research into a book on the goldenrods of the world. Many kinds of goldenrods are very rare; some are officially listed as threatened or endangered. Other goldenrods are so widely distributed and abundant that they are considered to be obnoxious weeds on agricultural lands. Goldenrods are often studied by ecologists and evolutionary biologists as models for more general questions on insect/plant relationships. However, no detailed monographic level taxonomic treatment of the entire genus has been published. Some species have never been illustrated in detail and no detailed distribution maps are available. Existing treatments in regional floras are not consistent in reporting the numbers of species nor in how to recognize them. The applicant has spent more than three decades investigating goldenrods, the related goldenasters, and asters and was the primary author of the treatment of Solidago for Flora North America (2006). The proposed research will expand on this taxonomic treatment to include all goldenrods occurring outside Canada and the United States. The resulting highly illustrated monograph will provide large numbers of people with a sorely needed standard reference on goldenrods upon which regional floras and ecological and evolutionary studies can be reliably based.