Diversity and systematics of cellulose-and keratin-degrading ascomycetes

关于真菌的系统发育关系和多样性的信息严重缺乏，特别是在子囊菌门内，这一组包括了大多数经济上重要的真菌。子囊菌已从许多生境中被列举和鉴定，但记录它们多样性的研究受到隔离介质的选择性和准确识别这些真菌的困难的限制。许多子囊菌不能形成有性状态，而是根据它们的无性孢子形态(无性体)来定义的。变形真菌在解剖学上通常很简单，因此很难识别。在纯培养中不形成孢子阶段的子囊菌不能用基于显微镜的技术来鉴定。然而，分子技术，特别是基于聚合酶链式反应(PCR)的方法，可以绕过传统方法在估计真菌生物多样性和鉴定解剖上简单或不产生孢子的物种方面的局限性。

Lack of information concerning the phylogenetic relationships and diversity of fungi is acute, particularly within the Ascomycota, a group that includes the majority of economically important fungi. Ascomycetes have been enumerated and identified from many habitats, but studies documenting their diversity are limited by the selective nature of isolation media and the difficulty of accurately identifying these fungi. Many ascomycetes are not known to form sexual states and are defined on the basis of their asexual spore forms (anamorphs). Anamorphic fungi are typically simple anatomically and thus difficult to identify. Ascomycetes that form no spore stages in pure culture cannot be identified using microscopy-based techniques. However, the limitations of traditional methods for estimating fungal biodiversity and identifying anatomically simple or non-sporulating species can be circumvented by molecular techniques, particularly PCR (polymerase chain reaction) based methods.