Transport processes in inland and coastal waters

内陆和沿海水域的污染物和沉积物运移动力学具有高度的各向异性，并倾向于二维。自Kraichnan（1967）关于二维湍流的开创性工作以来，二维水平湍流和不同长度尺度的小尺度三维湍流之间的能量级联、反向级联或两者的组合一直是人们非常感兴趣的主题。不仅需要实验数据来支持理论工作，而且需要模型的发展。地球自转是大规模交换的决定性因素。湍流在界面上的小尺度混合取决于密度/重力分层的稳定性/不稳定性。申请人、他的研究伙伴和研究生对这些不同时间和长度尺度的二维和三维传输过程进行了研究。考虑了风、浪和电流对过程的影响。沉积物的侵蚀和沉积是研究的一部分。研究的重点是建模的基础，以及通过实验室和实地研究对模型的验证。六年来的研究成果(1)出版了1本书，1本书章节，1篇书评，1篇社论，4篇论文。(2)速度、温度、盐度和示踪剂浓度测量的仪器和数据采集技术的发展；(3)湍流模型模拟的数值方法的实现。未来的研究将继续关注基本面。研究的重点将放在小规模过程的研究上。目前，一条新的通道正在建设中，用于计划研究海浪和水流对海岸的侵蚀。正在进行的大规模交换的宽通道实验将扩大到包括非常大的对流弗劳德数的情况。将继续用实验数据验证仿真模型。数值上的努力将包括实现TVD方案来控制数值振荡，并进一步发展一种使用块作为计算元素的鲁棒数值方法。

The dynamics of pollutant and sediment transports in inland and coastal waters are highly anisotropic with a tendency to two-dimensionality. The energy cascade, the reverse of the cascade, or a combination of both, between the 2D horizontal turbulence and small-scale 3D turbulence of distinct length scales are subjects of much interest, since the seminal work of Kraichnan (1967) on 2D turbulence. Laboratory data are needed to support not only the theoretical works but also the development of models. The Earth's rotation is a deciding factor in the large-scale exchanges. The small scale mixings across interfaces by turbulence are dependent on stability/instability of the density/gravity stratification. Research has been conducted by the applicant, his research associates and graduate students to study these 2D and 3D transport processes of very different time and length scales. Wind, wave and current effects on the processes are considered. The erosion and deposition of sediments are part of the study. The focus of the research has been on the fundamentals of modeling, and the verification of the models through laboratory and field studies. The research over the last six years has led to (i) the publication of 1 book, 1 book chapter, 1 book review, 1 editorial, 4 M.Eng. theses, 3 Ph.D. thesis and 43 papers, (ii) the development of instrumentation and data acquisition technique for velocity, temperature, salinity and tracer-concentration measurements, and (iii) the implementation of numerical methods for model simulations of turbulent flow. Future research will continue on the fundamentals. Greater emphasis of the research will be placed in the studying of the small-scale processes. Currently, a new channel is under construction for the planned study of the coastal erosion by waves and currents. The ongoing experiments in the wide channel for the large-scale exchanges will broaden to include cases of very large convective Froude number. The validation of the simulation models by experimental data will continue. The numerical effort will include the implementation of TVD schemes for the control of numerical oscillations, and the further development of a robust numerical method using the blocks as the computational elements.