Vertebrate visual optics: ontogeny, phylogeny and function of the lens

脊椎动物的眼睛由两个折射部分组成，即晶状体透镜和角膜，它们将光线聚焦在视网膜上。透镜是细胞和外胚层的，并通过生命发展。 透镜光学受形状和折射率分布以及调节是由透镜形状的变化（如在陆生物种中）还是通过透镜运动（如在水生动物中）引起的支配。 角膜在空气中是主要的屈光结构，但在水中几乎没有或没有屈光贡献。这项研究代表了一种努力，以了解a）视觉环境对眼睛屈光特性的影响B）脊椎动物眼睛发育所施加的光学限制和c）脊椎动物如何科普其生活史的视觉需求。

The vertebrate eye consists of two refractive components, the crystalline lens and the cornea, which focus light on the retina. The lens is cellular and ectodermal and develops through life. Lens optics is governed by shape and refractive index distribution as well as by whether accommodation is brought about by changes in lens shape, as in terrestrial species, or through lens movement, as in aquatic animals. The cornea is the dominant refractive structure in air but makes little or no refractive contribution in water. This research represents an effort to understand a) the effect of the visual environment on the refractive properties of the eye b) the optical limitations imposed by vertebrate ocular development and c) how vertebrates cope with the visual demands of their life histories.