Field and laboratory studies of river ice processes and hydraulics

在加拿大的河流中，当气温降到零度以下时，水中就会形成碎冰。活跃的碎冰粒是非常具有粘性的晶体，它们很容易彼此粘附或粘附在它们所接触的任何表面上。这可能导致河床上形成锚冰，堵塞取水口，并形成上升到水面并成为连续冰盖的一部分的碎冰絮凝物。其中三个拟议项目的重点是开发和部署一种称为浅水冰剖面声纳的仪器，作为研究河冰过程的工具。开发一种精确的测量冰特性的技术将使研究人员能够量化河流中的冰沉积和运输。 这对于开发精确的河冰数值模型至关重要，而这些模型对于评估堰坝对河流冰情的环境影响以及评估气候变化对水资源的影响至关重要。

In Canadian rivers frazil ice particles form in the water when the air temperatures drop well below zero. Active frazil ice particles are very adhesive crystals that readily stick to each other or to any surface they come in contact with. This can lead to the formation of anchor ice on the river bed, clogging of water intakes and to the development of frazil flocs that rise to the water surface and become part of the continuous ice cover. Three of the proposed projects focus on the development and deployment of an instrument called the Shallow Water Ice Profiling Sonar as a tool for studying river ice processes. Development of an accurate technique for measuring the properties of frazil ice will enable researchers to quantify frazil ice deposition and transport in rivers. This is vital to the development of accurate numerical river ice models that are essential for the assessment of environmental effects of weirs and dams on the ice regime of rivers and the evaluation of climate change impacts on water resources.