Biodiversity impacts of managed and unmanaged landscapes in the Anthropocene

在当今全球化的世界中，外来入侵物种引起了人们的极大关注，因为它们可能会对生物地理区域的生态系统造成不良的生态和经济影响，而生物地理区域不是其原生范围的一部分。在接下来的五年里，我计划评估外来(外来)植物对土壤微生物多样性和非本土景观中植物多样性的影响。这项研究计划将在管理景观中操纵生物多样性(种间和种内遗传变异、入侵、入侵、适合度降低和感知冗余)的背景下，以一些植物物种，如加拿大斑茅、芦荟、小浮萍、木麻黄、银杏和尾巨桉(及其相关的微生物共生体)作为模式生物，更好地理解生态系统功能和环境可持续性。其目的是：1)评估这些外来植物在其非原生生境中的共生状态；2)解释共生调节在一些外来物种入侵中的作用；3)研究外来植物对土壤微生物群落的影响；4)评估形态分子变异，以确定赋予物种“入侵”的特征；以及5)最终，开发空间上明确的基于个体的模拟模型和统计生态方法。最终，这些研究的结果将旨在提供必要的科学可靠的背景信息，以便就生物多样性保护和管理和非管理景观的生态认证做出明智的决定。这些结果还将有助于理解导致表型变异和适应的功能和进化机制。该项目与克什米尔大学(印度)、塔那那利佛大学(马达加斯加)和维索萨联邦大学(巴西米纳斯吉拉斯)合作，将在拉瓦尔对这一快速发展的研究领域的几名研究生进行培训。因此，该项目也符合NSERC和大学的研究和培训任务。

In the contemporary globalized world, invasive alien species (IAS) have attracted much attention because of the undesirable ecological and economic effects that they may impose upon ecosystems in biogeographic regions, which are not part of their native ranges. For the next five years, I plan to evaluate the effects of alien (exotic) plants on soil microbial diversity and plant diversity in non-native landscapes. This research program will provide a better understanding of ecosystem function and environmental sustainability, in the context of manipulating biodiversity in managed landscapes (inter-and intra-specific genetic variation, invasiveness, introgression, reduced fitness and perceived redundancy), using some plant species, such as Conyza canadensis, Phragmites australis, Lemna minor, Casuarina equisetifolia, Grevillea banksii, and Eucalyptus urograndis (and their associated microsymbionts), as model organisms. The objectives are: i) to assess the symbiotic status of these exotic plants in their non-native habitats; ii) to explain the role of symbiotic modulation in invasiveness of some exotic species; iii) to examine the impact of exotic plants on soil microbial communities; iv) to assess morpho-molecular variation for the identification of traits that confer "invasiveness" upon species; and v) ultimately, to develop spatially explicit individual-based simulation models and statistical ecogenomic methods. Ultimately, results from these studies will be directed at providing the necessary scientifically sound background information for making informed decisions regarding biodiversity conservation, and ecocertification of managed and unmanaged landscapes. The results will also help understand the functional and evolutionary mechanisms that lead to phenotypic variation and adaptation. In collaboration with the University of Kashmir (India), the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar), and the Federal University of Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil), the project will involve the training of several graduate students at Laval in this rapidly developing research area. Therefore, the project is also consistent with the research and training mandates of both NSERC and the University.