Protein Interactions and Solvation in Binary Solvents

我们建议继续研究溶剂化对蛋白质构象偏好和相互作用的影响。 在所要求的预算期间，我们建议进行体积和光谱实验以及分子动力学（MD）模拟，这些实验旨在实现以下具体目标：比较和系统地研究N-乙酰基氨基酸酰胺中20种天然存在的氨基酸侧链在水和水与水溶性变性和稳定共溶剂的二元混合物中的溶剂化;各种共溶剂与单个蛋白质基团的缔合的热力学表征;天然和未折叠蛋白质在变性和稳定共溶剂中的溶剂化的体积表征以及蛋白质溶剂化的附加性的探索;以及蛋白质在水和变性和稳定共溶剂中的折叠和结合反应的比较表征。 溶剂对涉及蛋白质的化学平衡的支配性影响是一致公认的。 事实上，水溶液中的任何蛋白质反应都可以被认为是溶质-溶剂与溶质-溶质相互作用的替代。 有了这个概念，很明显，溶质-溶剂和溶质-共溶剂相互作用的热力学是反应热力学的重要组成部分。 我们提出的对通过统计热动力学解释算法和MD模拟放大的低分子量模型化合物的体积研究将使我们能够量化蛋白质官能团对水以及稳定和变性渗透剂的差异亲和力。 将这些研究扩展到蛋白质将使我们能够研究折叠和未折叠构象中的非加性溶剂化效应。 最后，在二元溶剂中蛋白质折叠和结合反应的表征将检验我们在真实的生物系统上的基本结论。

We propose to continue our studies of the effect of solvation on the conformational preferences and interactions of proteins. During the requested budget period, we propose to carry out volumetric and spectroscopic experiments as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which are designed to achieve the following specific aims: comparative and syste¬matic investigation of solvation of the 20 naturally existing amino acid side chains in N-acetyl amino acid amides in water and binary mixtures of water and water-soluble denaturing and stabilizing cosolvents; thermodynamic characterization of the association of various cosolvents with individual protein groups; volumetric characterization of solvation of native and unfolded proteins in denaturing and stabilizing cosolvents and exploration of the ad¬ditivity of protein sol¬vation; and comparative characterization of protein folding and binding reactions in water and denaturing and stabilizing cosolvents. The domineering influence of solvent on chemical equi¬libria involving proteins is unanimously acknowledged. In fact, any protein reaction in an aqu¬eous solution can be considered as replacement of solute-solvent with solute-solute interac¬tions. With this notion, it is clear that the thermodynamics of solute-solvent and solute-cosolvent interactions is an important integral part of the reaction thermodynamics. Our proposed volu¬met¬ric studies on low molecular weight model compounds amplified by the statistical thermo¬dynamic interpretation algorithm and MD simulations will enable us to quantify the differential affinity of protein functional groups for water and stabilizing and denaturing osmolytes. Exten¬ding these studies to proteins will permit us to investigate nonadditive solvation effects in the folded and unfolded conformations. Finally, characterization of protein folding and binding reactions in binary solvents will test our basic conclusions on real biological systems.