Investigations into the mechanisms underlying contralateral and remote neuromuscular responses to ipsilateral actions.

50多年来，充分激活肌肉的能力一直是一个有争议的问题。这个问题仍然存在争议。大多数关于这个问题的研究都是在不现实的情况下使用个人肌肉。当个体通常运动时，身体两侧会发生各种运动，上半身和下半身之间也会发生相互作用。众所周知，当一侧肌肉收缩时，神经信号被发送到脊髓、大脑，然后发送到另一侧的肌肉。大多数这类研究都检查了对侧(对侧)的同一块肌肉。目前尚不清楚一侧肌肉的激活或疲劳会在多大程度上影响另一侧不同肌肉的功能。对侧的血流也会受到影响，因此对侧的变化可能不仅仅是由于神经影响。这一效应不仅对了解大脑和脊髓如何分配信息有意义，还可能对正在接受康复的个人产生影响，这些人可以训练一块肌肉，但不能训练其他肌肉。此外，还有一种源于出生的反射，称为原始反射，它影响身体两侧肌肉活动的功能。人们认为，当我们从婴儿阶段成熟时，我们就会失去这些反射。然而，年龄较大的人和腰痛的人可能会恢复原始的反射。目前尚不清楚当年轻人进行模仿这些反射的动作时，这些原始反射是否仍然存在。这些反射已被证明可以帮助腰痛患者激活特定的肌肉。也许可以利用这些反射来帮助老年人增强力量或控制肌肉。它们甚至可能影响年轻人充分激活特定肌肉的能力。因此，为了基础科学和康复训练的意义，研究不同肌肉在休息和疲劳条件下的相互作用是重要的。

The ability to fully activate muscle has been a disputed question for more than 50 years. This question is till controversial. Most of the research conducted on this question has used individual muscles in non-realistic situations. When individuals typically move, there are a variety of movements occurring on both sides of the body and interactions between the upper and lower body. It is known that when muscles contract on one side, neural signals are sent to the spinal cord, brain and subsequently to muscles on the other side. Most of these type of studies have examined the same muscle on the contralateral (opposite) side. It is unknown to what extent the activation or fatigue of a muscle on one side will affect the functioning of a different muscle on the other side. Blood flow on the opposite side can also be affected so contralateral changes may not be just due to neural effects. This effect not only has implications for understanding how the brain and spinal cord distribute information but also could have implications for individuals who are undergoing rehabilitation and can train one muscle but not others. Furthermore there are reflexes originating from birth known as primitive reflexes that affect the functioning of muscle actions on both sides of the body. It is believed that we lose these reflexes as we mature from the infant stage. However primitive reflexes can return with older individuals and people with low back pain. It is not known if these primitive reflexes are still present when young adults perform movements that mimic these reflexes. These reflexes have been shown to help people with low back pain activate particular muscles. It might be possible to use these reflexes to help older individuals gain strength or control of muscles. They may even affect a young adult's ability to fully activate specific muscles. Thus it is important to investigate for the sake of basic science and rehabilitation and training implications the interaction between different muscles under rested and fatiguing conditions.