Design of passive noise control devices for attenuation of pressure pulsations in piping systems

在诸如发电站和天然气管道的工业应用中使用的管道系统易于产生压力脉动，压力脉动通常由往复泵的使用和/或阀的动态不稳定性引起，其可充当不期望的噪声和振动的源，并且在某些情况下可导致管道系统的疲劳和断裂。对OPG的生产产生重大影响的此类故障的一个例子与CANDU核燃料棒束故障有关，该故障是由于馈线中形成声共振造成的。因此，这一问题多年来一直是OPG工程部门的一个重要课题，并且一直致力于寻找预测和抑制管道结构中声共振的有效技术。在这些系统中减小压力脉动的幅度的常用技术是使用无源声阻尼器，例如亥姆霍兹谐振器、四分之一波长侧支谐振器和孔板。虽然从理论的角度很好地理解了这些装置的设计，但是传统的设计通常非常大，并且这些装置必须放置在管道系统中的非常特定的位置处以便有效，使得它们在现有工业设施中的实施在许多情况下是有问题的。拟议的研究将集中在设计和测试一系列新的创新声阻尼器，旨在用于工业实践。该装置将比传统设计小得多，以最大限度地提高其在工业应用中的实用性，并且能够以阵列形式使用，分布在整个管道系统中，以最小化尺寸，并能够阻尼多种声学模式，以适应不断变化的操作条件。这些设备的设计将与参与的行业合作伙伴协商完成。

Piping systems used in industrial applications such as power stations and natural gas pipelines are liable to generation of pressure pulsations, often arising from the use of reciprocating pumps and/or dynamic instability of valves, which can act as sources of unwanted noise and vibration, and in some cases can lead to fatigue and fracture of the piping system. An example of such a failure which had a great impact to OPG's production was related to CANDU nuclear fuel bundle failures due to the formation of acoustic resonances in the feeder line. Therefore, this issue has been an important subject for the engineering divisions at OPG for many years and substantial effort has been dedicated in finding effective techniques to predict and supress acoustic resonances in piping structures. A commonly used technique to reduce the amplitude of pressure pulsations in these systems are the use of passive acoustic dampers such as Helmholtz resonators, quarter wavelength side-branch resonators and orifice plates. Though the design of these devices is well understood from a theoretical standpoint, traditional designs are typically very large, and these devices must be placed at very specific locations in the piping system in order to be effective, making their implementation in existing industrial facilities problematic in many cases. The proposed research will focus on the design and testing of a series of new innovative acoustic dampers aimed at use in industrial practice. The devices will be significantly smaller than traditional designs to maximize their usefulness in industrial applications, and will be capable of being used in arrays, distributed throughout the piping system in order to minimize size and be capable of damping numerous acoustic modes to accommodate changing operating conditions. The design of these devices will be achieved in consultation with the participating industry partner.