The temporal parameters of visual-proprioceptive intermodal integration in infants and adults

本体感觉，或身体各部分位置和运动的内在感觉，在很大程度上是被遗忘的感觉。然而，对于目标导向的行动的组织来说，它与其他面向外部的感官(如视觉和听觉)一样重要。在这里提出的这项研究计划中，我们打算通过检查本体感觉发生的时间窗口来研究婴儿和成人的本体感觉。使用视频延时装置，我们呈现隐藏的身体运动的视觉反馈。然后，我们可以调查参与者在认识到存在延迟之前所需的延迟程度，以及参与者仍然可以检测到运动的内部感觉和该运动的视觉反馈之间的对应关系的延迟程度。这样，我们就可以通过研究本体感觉和视觉在知觉和短期记忆中的整合来评估本体感觉。对于6个月大的婴儿，我们将使用一种多模式视觉偏好程序，向婴儿展示他们自己隐藏的腿部运动的视频。我们将记录婴儿观看实时视频和延迟视频的时间。我们还会将相对观看时间与延迟不同时间量的视频进行比较。对于成年人，我们还将展示隐藏动作的视频(在本例中为手臂动作)。为了研究成年人感知视觉和本体感觉刺激之间的对应关系的能力，我们将要求判断视频是实时的还是延迟的。对于成年人，我们也会操纵他们所做的动作类型。为了研究成年人的本体感受性短期记忆，我们将呈现不同时间延迟的视频，并要求判断视频是他们自己动作的回放还是其他演员的录音。这项研究计划将是第一次全面检查成人和婴儿对本体感觉信息的感知和短期记忆的时间特征。

Proprioception, or the internal sense of the position and movement of body parts, is to a large extent the forgotten sense. Yet, it is as important for the organization of goal-directed action as the other, externally oriented senses, such as vision and audition. In this research program proposed here, we intend to study proprioception in both infants and adults by examining the temporal window over which proprioceptive awareness occurs. Using a video delay device, we present visual feedback of hidden body movements. We can then investigate the degree of delay that is required before participants recognize that there is a delay and also the degree of delay over which participants can still detect a correspondence between the internal feeling of movement and the visual feedback of that movement. In this way, we can assess proprioception by studying the integration of proprioception and vision in perception and in short term memory. With infants as young as 6 months of age, we will use an intermodal visual preference procedure whereby infants are shown video of their own hidden leg movements. We will record the infants' looking time to video that is live versus delayed. We will also compare relative looking time to video that is delayed by different amounts of time. With adults, we will also present video of hidden movements (in this case arm movements). To study adults' ability to perceive the correspondence between visual and proprioceptive stimulation, we will request judgements of whether the video is live or delayed. With adults, we will also manipulate the type of movements they perform. To study adults' proprioceptive short-term memory, we will present video delayed by different amounts of time and request judgements of whether the video is a playback of their own movements or a recording of another actor. This program of research will be the first comprehensive examination, focusing on the temporal characteristics, of both adults' and infants' perception and short-term memory of proprioceptive information.