Black Hole Physics

黑洞的存在是爱因斯坦引力理论中最令人兴奋的预言之一。天体物理观测强烈支持恒星质量黑洞以及许多星系中心的超大质量黑洞的存在。黑洞在理论物理学中扮演着重要的角色，作为新理论思想和模型（如弦理论，膜世界，大额外维度）的探针。长期以来，黑洞一直是科学界和公众关注的焦点。该项目的目的是更好地了解黑洞强引力场中时空和物质的性质。 该项目包括（i）研究高维黑洞和（ii）研究天体物理学黑洞强引力场中的物理效应。这两个研究方向实际上是相互联系的，需要类似的工具和方法。在第（1）部分中，我将试图理解四维黑洞的哪些性质在任意维数中是普遍有效的，哪些性质只在四维中是特定的。在这项研究中，一个几何度量对象将发挥关键作用，最近在我们的小组中发现，主要共形Killing-Yano张量，它编码了关于任意数量时空维度中旋转黑洞的对称性和其他重要几何性质的所有信息。它使人们能够解释这类黑洞的许多“神奇”性质。我的目标是研究在多大程度上可以推广这种方法来研究非真空黑洞，超引力黑洞和视界具有非球形拓扑的黑洞。第二个研究方向（ii）是研究黑洞附近的物理效应，这些效应可以作为识别天体物理黑洞的额外标记。我还想了解磁场和粒子碰撞在旋转黑洞能量提取过程中的作用。通过解决提案中提出的具体问题，我希望有助于我们理解黑洞，它们在宇宙中的作用，以及它们在理论物理学中的特殊作用。

Black hole existence is one of the most exciting predictions of the Einstein's theory of gravity. Astrophysical observations strongly support the existence of stellar mass black holes as well as supermassive black holes in the center of many galaxies. Black holes play an important role in theoretical physics as probes of new theoretical ideas and models (such as string theory, brane worlds, large extra dimensions). For quite a long time black holes have been in the focus of interests of the both scientific and public communities. The aim of the project is to gain a better understanding of the properties of spacetime and matter in the strong gravitational field of black holes. The Project includes (i) study of higher dimensional black holes and (ii) study of physical effects in the strong gravitational field of astrophysical black holes. These two directions of research in fact are connected, and require similar tools and methods. In part (i) I shall try to understand which of the properties of four dimensional black holes are generic and valid in any number of dimensions, and which are specific for four dimensions only. The key role in this study will be played by a gepmetric object, recently discovered in our group, Principal Conformal Killing-Yano Tensor, which encodes all the information about the symmetries and other important geometric properties of rotating black holes in any number of spacetime dimensions. It allows one to explain many `miraculous' properties of such black holes. My aim is to study how far one can generalize this method to study non-vacuum black holes, black holes in supergravity, and black holes with non-spherical topology of the horizon. The second direction of my research (ii) is focused on studying physical effects in the close vicinity of black holes which can be used as additional marks for the identification of astrophysical black holes. I would also like to understand the role of the magnetic field and particle collisions in the processes of the energy extraction from rotating black holes. By solving the concrete problems formulated in the Proposal I hope to contribute to our understanding of black holes, their role in the universe, and their special role in theoretical physics.