Techniques and Tools for Power System Operation and Control in the New Smart Grid Environment

随着智能电网的出现，与其不同的定义和解释无关，终端用户(即负荷)将在系统操作员为电网负荷提供电能的发电机和输电系统的运行和管理中发挥重要作用。智能电网概念的基本特征是开发和部署基础设施和技术，使负荷变得“智能”，从而使最终用户能够适当地操作和控制自己的设备，以管理电力消耗，以实现他们自己的目标，如降低能源成本和需求。这基本上是在促进终端用户积极参与电网的整体管理和运营，特别是因为智能被嵌入到客户的设备中，并且电力用户和电网运营商之间正在建立双向通信。然而，到目前为止，智能电网的大部分研究资金和相关工作都集中在基础设施和技术的开发和部署上，这些基础设施和技术需要使最终用户和系统运营商都能看到、访问和智能负载，而有限的资金和考虑妥善管理这些智能负载可能对电网运行和控制产生的积极和消极影响；电动汽车充电就是一个很好的例子。因此，基于我们在电力系统运行和控制工作中获得的专业知识，通过建立在非线性系统分析、控制和优化基础上的适当的数学分析、建模和仿真，本工作的主要目标是：(I)为系统操作员设计和开发适当考虑电网中“智能”负荷的电网电压和频率管理和控制工具；(Ii)研究和建议负荷和系统操作员之间应该发生的直接相互作用，以正确地操作和控制电力系统；(3)作为智能电网的一个具体案例，继续对“绿色”微型电网的运行和控制进行研究、建模、模拟和分析，重点放在以昂贵和“肮脏”柴油发电机为主的土著社区的偏远微型电网。

With the advent of smart grids, and independent of their different definitions and interpretations, it is clear that end-users (i.e. loads) will play a significant role in the operation and management by system operators of the generators and transmission system supplying electrical energy to the grid's loads. The concept of smart grids has been basically characterized by the development and deployment of the infrastructure and technologies that will make loads "smart", thus allowing end-users to properly operate and control their own devices to manage electricity consumption to accomplish their own objectives such as reducing energy costs and demand. This is basically facilitating the active participation of end-users in the overall management and operation of the grid, particularly due to the intelligence being embedded in the customer's devices and the bidirectional communications being established between electricity users and grid operators. However, so far most of the research funding and associated work in smart grids has concentrated on the development and deployment of the infrastructure and technologies needed to make the loads visible, accessible and intelligent to both end-users and system operators, with limited funding and thought being given to properly managing both the positive and negative impacts that these smart loads could have for grid operation and control; electric vehicle charging is a good example of this. Thus, based on the expertise gained in our work on power system operation and control, through proper mathematical analysis, modeling and simulation built on nonlinear system analysis, control and optimization, the main objectives of the present work are: (i) design and develop tools for system operators for grid voltage and frequency management and control that properly account for "smart" loads in the grid; (ii) study and propose the direct interactions that should take place between loads and system operators to properly operate and control a power system; (iii) continue with the study, modeling, simulation and analysis of the operation and control of "green" micro-grids as a specific case of smart grids, with emphasis on remote micro-grids in native communities dominated by expensive and "dirty" diesel-fueled generators.