Investigations into the mechanisms underlying contralateral and remote neuromuscular responses to ipsilateral actions.

50多年来，完全激活肌肉的能力一直是一个有争议的问题。这个问题仍有争议。在这个问题上进行的大多数研究都是在非现实情况下使用单个肌肉。当个体典型地移动时，身体两侧会发生各种各样的运动，并且上半身和下半身之间会相互作用。众所周知，当一侧肌肉收缩时，神经信号被发送到脊髓、大脑，然后再发送到另一侧的肌肉。大多数这类研究检查的是对侧（对侧）同一块肌肉。目前尚不清楚一侧肌肉的激活或疲劳会在多大程度上影响另一侧肌肉的功能。另一侧的血流也会受到影响，所以对侧的变化可能不仅仅是由于神经的影响。这一效应不仅对理解大脑和脊髓如何传递信息有意义，而且对那些正在接受康复治疗、只能训练一块肌肉而不能训练其他肌肉的人也有意义。此外，还有一种与生俱来的反射，称为原始反射，影响身体两侧肌肉活动的功能。人们相信，当我们从婴儿阶段成熟时，我们就会失去这些反射能力。然而，原始反射可以在老年人和腰痛患者中恢复。目前尚不清楚，当年轻人进行模仿这些反射的动作时，这些原始反射是否仍然存在。这些反射已被证明可以帮助患有腰痛的人激活特定的肌肉。有可能利用这些反射来帮助老年人获得力量或控制肌肉。它们甚至可能影响年轻人完全激活特定肌肉的能力。因此，研究不同肌肉在休息和疲劳条件下的相互作用对基础科学和康复训练的影响是很重要的。

The ability to fully activate muscle has been a disputed question for more than 50 years. This question is till controversial. Most of the research conducted on this question has used individual muscles in non-realistic situations. When individuals typically move, there are a variety of movements occurring on both sides of the body and interactions between the upper and lower body. It is known that when muscles contract on one side, neural signals are sent to the spinal cord, brain and subsequently to muscles on the other side. Most of these type of studies have examined the same muscle on the contralateral (opposite) side. It is unknown to what extent the activation or fatigue of a muscle on one side will affect the functioning of a different muscle on the other side. Blood flow on the opposite side can also be affected so contralateral changes may not be just due to neural effects. This effect not only has implications for understanding how the brain and spinal cord distribute information but also could have implications for individuals who are undergoing rehabilitation and can train one muscle but not others. Furthermore there are reflexes originating from birth known as primitive reflexes that affect the functioning of muscle actions on both sides of the body. It is believed that we lose these reflexes as we mature from the infant stage. However primitive reflexes can return with older individuals and people with low back pain. It is not known if these primitive reflexes are still present when young adults perform movements that mimic these reflexes. These reflexes have been shown to help people with low back pain activate particular muscles. It might be possible to use these reflexes to help older individuals gain strength or control of muscles. They may even affect a young adult's ability to fully activate specific muscles. Thus it is important to investigate for the sake of basic science and rehabilitation and training implications the interaction between different muscles under rested and fatiguing conditions.