Energy Efficiency and Quality of Service Guarantees for Cloud Services

该发现基金将探索支持云服务的增强型互联网网络中的能源效率和服务质量（QoS）保证主题。当前的Best-Effort Internet对云服务提出了挑战，其丢包率高，吞吐量、延迟和能效差。发表的报告表明，“尽力而为”的互联网和全球数据中心每年使用约2000亿千瓦时的电力，每年的能源成本约为140亿美元。同样的报告表明，这些资源的负荷通常为20%至30%，通过积极追求更好的设计，能源成本可以降低70%（每年可能节省100亿美元）。这项发现拨款将探索使用软件定义网络（SDN）技术的增强型互联网网络。该网络将为云服务提供更高的利用率、能源效率和QoS保证。增强型互联网结合了多种技术；(i)提高带宽效率的低抖动qos感知路由器调度算法，（ii）新的改进的云服务路由算法，（iii）新的基于流的资源预留信令协议，以及（iv）流聚合，以在数据中心之间建立高效的保证速率连接。SDN控制平面可以实现Maximum-Flow minimum - energy路由算法，以最小的能量需求路由数据中心之间的连接。根据我发表的论文，这些技术可以实现：(i)“基本完美”的QoS保证，云服务的延迟非常低，（ii）基本完美的带宽效率和资源利用率，以及（iii）显著提高系统利用率和能源效率。“基本完美的QoS”的概念在我的论文“在互联网骨干网上提供具有基本完美QoS的关键任务远程机器人控制系统”中进行了讨论，IEEE JSAC， 2010年6月（以及我的样本出版物4）。该发现补助金的主要目标是探索增强型互联网的路由和调度算法、信令协议和SDN控制平面。我们将搭建SDN试验台，演示增强型互联网网络。增强型互联网将(i)实现改进的QoS和能源效率，(i)显著降低与低效率相关的能源成本，以及（ii）每年为行业节省数十亿美元。有人说，互联网是“僵化的”，也就是说，互联网的控制平面是固定不变的，无法改变。多年来，“尽力而为”的互联网几乎没有什么进步，国际社会最近采用了“OpenFlow”协议和“软件定义网络”（SDN）作为允许灵活的互联网控制平面的技术。SDN将Internet控制平面与交换/路由硬件分离，为研究人员提供了一个可编程的控制平面。这种可编程性使研究人员能够在真实的路由器/交换机上实现新的网络协议，提供前所未有的灵活性。研究人员不再局限于使用已批准的IETF或IEEE标准。2010年，欧盟启动了“Ofelia”项目，将SDN路由器纳入Geant研究网络，该网络将欧洲主要中心（如CERN）连接在一起（http://www.fp7-ofelia.eu）。这项发现资助将探索使用Openflow和SDN技术的“增强型互联网”网络的算法，它将构建一个测试平台来演示具有改进的资源利用率和云服务QoS保证的增强型互联网，它将培训SDN和互联网技术的学生。

This discovery grant will explore the topics of Energy Efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees in an Enhanced-Internet network which supports cloud services. The current Best-Effort Internet poses a challenge for cloud services, with its high packet loss rates, and its poor throughput, latency and energy-efficiency. Published reports indicate that the Best-Effort Internet and global data-centers use about 200 billion KW-hours of electricity per year, and that energy costs are about $14 billion US per year. The same reports indicate that these resources are lightly loaded with typically 20 to 30% loads, and that energy costs can be reduced by 70% (potentially by $10 billion US a year) through aggressive pursuit of better designs. This discovery grant will explore an Enhanced-Internet network using Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies. The network will provide improved utilizations, energy efficiency and QoS guarantees for cloud services. The Enhanced-Internet combines several technologies; (i) a low-jitter QoS-aware router scheduling algorithm with improved bandwidth-efficiency, (ii) a new and improved routing algorithm for Cloud services, (iii) a new flow-based resource-reservation signaling protocol, and (iv) flow aggregation, to establish highly-efficient guaranteed-rate connections between data-centers. The SDN control plane can implement a Maximum-Flow Minimum-Energy routing algorithm to route the connections between data-centers with minimum energy requirements. According to my published papers, these techniques can achieve: (i) ‘essentially-perfect’ QoS guarantees with exceptionally low latencies for cloud services, (ii) essentially-perfect bandwidth-efficiency and resource utilization, and (iii) significantly improved system utilization and energy-efficiency. The concept of ‘Essentially-Perfect QoS’ is discussed in my paper entitled ‘Provisioning Mission-Critical Telerobotic Control Systems over Internet Backbone Networks with Essentially-Perfect QoS’, IEEE JSAC, June 2010 (and in my sample publication 4). A main objective of this discovery grant is to explore routing and scheduling algorithms, signalling protocols and the SDN control plane for anEnhanced-Internet. We will build an SDN testbed to demonstrate the Enhanced-Internet network. The Enhanced-Internet will (i) achieve improved QoS and energy-efficiency, (i) decrease the energy costs associated with inefficiencies significantly, and (ii) save industry several $ Billion per year. It has been stated that the Internet is ‘Ossified', i.e., metaphorically the Internet control plane is set in stone and unable to change. After years of seeing little improvement in the Best-Effort Internet, the international community has recently adopted the ‘OpenFlow’ protocol and ‘Software Defined Networking’ (SDN) as technologies which allow for a flexible Internet control plane. SDN decouples the Internet control plane from the switching/routing hardware, and provides a programmable control plane to researchers. This programmability allows researchers to implement new networking protocols on real routers/switches, providing unprecedented flexibility. Researchers are no longer constrained to use an approved IETF or IEEE standard. In 2010 the European Union initiated the 'Ofelia' project to include SDN routers in the Geant research network, which links major European centers such as CERN together (http://www.fp7-ofelia.eu). This discovery grant will explore algorithms for an ‘Enhanced-Internet’ network using Openflow and SDN technologies, it will construct a testbed to demonstrate an Enhanced-Internet with improved resource-utilization and QoS guarantees for Cloud services, and it will train students in SDN and Internet technologies.