Controlling electron spins in silicon/ Manipuler le spin des électrons dans le silicium

从地球上最强大的计算机到iPad，如果没有晶体管和激光，今天的技术就不可能存在，这两项发明都起源于量子力学。在这两项发明的推动下，信息和通信技术已经发展成为该国最重要的产业之一，为国内生产总值贡献了670亿美元。在世界各地，科学家们正在开发积极利用量子力学效应的新一代计算机和通信系统，这将彻底改变我们处理和分发信息的方式。这个信息和通信技术的“2.0”版本是基于量子比特或“量子位”。基于最近在控制固态单自旋方面的突破，我的研究计划旨在为量子信息处理器的实际实现开发鲁棒和可扩展的量子位。电子自旋现在可以以极高的精度进行操纵，在同位素纯化硅中，与磷供体结合的单个电子自旋的保真度超过99.9%，是所有已知固态量子比特中保真度最高的之一。然而，与量子点相比，捐赠者的规模更大，而纯化硅点的保真度有望达到类似的水平。我的团队将使用硅量子点中的自旋量子比特作为鲁棒和可扩展量子信息处理的平台。量子点的可扩展性源于50年来微加工的工业进步，以及量子点中自旋可以有效地耦合在一起或相互解耦的事实。利用我在微磁体自旋操纵方面的专业知识，我们将在硅中实现最快的单自旋旋转和最先进的自旋双量子比特门。从长远来看，我计划用NSERC发现资助期间开发的工具制造一个硅量子处理器原型。由于硅量子比特与微电子工业为大规模生产计算机芯片而建立的基础设施兼容，因此我的研究的商业化潜力是立竿为影的。在进入商业应用之前，需要更多像这个项目这样的基础研究。只有这样，我们才能控制在一个芯片上组装的数千个自旋，从而解决量子信息处理的下一个挑战。我的实验室所取得的成就将对加拿大和世界各地实际部署到量子信息科学的努力做出重大贡献。在我的nserc支持的研究中，我将继续在一个最先进和刺激的研究环境中培养物理学家和工程师。这些年轻的研究人员将在一个将对我们的社会产生变革性影响的领域的发展中发挥积极作用。

From the most powerful computer on the planet to the iPad, today’s technologies could not exist without the transistor and the laser, two inventions having their origin in quantum mechanics. Powered by these two inventions, information and communication technologies have grown to one of the most important industries in the country, with a 67 billion dollars contribution to the gross domestic product. Around the world, scientists are developing a new generation of computers and communication systems that actively use quantum mechanical effects and that will revolutionize the way we treat and distribute information. This « 2.0 » version of information and communication technologies is based on the quantum bit, or « qubit ». Based on recent breakthroughs in controlling single spins in the solid-state, my research program aims at developing robust and scalable qubits for the practical realization of a quantum information processor. Electron spins can now be manipulated with extremely high precision, reaching fidelity greater than 99.9% for a single electron spin bounded to a phosphorous donor in isotopically purified silicon, one of the highest fidelity reported among all known solid-state qubits. However, donors are more difficult to scale in comparison to quantum dots, while similar fidelities are expected with purified silicon dots. My group will use spin qubits confined in silicon quantum dots as a platform for robust and scalable quantum information processing. The scalability of quantum dots arises from both 50 years of industrial advancement in micro-fabrication, and the fact that spins can be coupled together and decoupled from each other efficiently in quantum dots. Using my expertise on spin manipulation with micro-magnets, we will accomplish the fastest single spin rotations in silicon and the most advanced two-qubit gates for spins. In the long term, I plan to fabricate a silicon quantum processor prototype with the tools that will be developed during this NSERC Discovery grant. Since silicon qubits are compatible with the infrastructure set up by the microelectronic industry to mass-produce computer chips, the commercialization potential of my research is immediate. Before stepping up to commercial applications, more fundamental studies like this program are needed. Only then will we be able to control thousands of spins assembled in one chip to solve the next challenges of quantum information processing. The accomplishments made in my laboratory will contribute significantly to the effort actually deployed into quantum information science in Canada and around the world. With my NSERC-supported research I will continue to train physicists and engineers in a state-of-the-art and stimulating research environment. These young researchers will play an active role in the development of a field that will have transformative effects on our society.