Novel Building Integrated Energy Systems Toward Net-zero Energy Status

该研究的目标是通过数学建模、仿真和优化单个组件及其集成系统，并通过可用的测试设施进行实验验证，开发适用于净零能耗建筑应用的新型建筑集成能源系统。研究将集中在新的和创新的可再生能源技术，如太阳能光伏/热集热器，太阳能辅助两级可变容量空气源热泵，组合低耗能地板/辐射板/强制空气间距调节系统，应用热质量和相变材料作为建筑的一个组成部分，以及不同系统的混合组合。以及考虑到建筑及其暖通空调系统动态和短期天气预报信息的整体优化设计参数和控制策略，以最大限度地利用现场可再生能源潜力，同时保持适当的室内热舒适性。该项目将集中于建筑集成光伏/热（BIPV/T）集热器与先进的两级（TS）可变容量（VC）空气源热泵（ASHP）作为主要能源产生机制，同时探索不同互补的二次HVAC分配系统，用于零能耗建筑的供暖和制冷应用。还将重点放在临时/日间热储存系统领域，无论是建造一体化和/或分立的，以便最大限度地利用BIPV/T+空气源热泵联合系统的太阳能发电。为了达到既定的目标，研究可以大致分为四个主要的子项目，每个子项目都集中在完整系统的不同但互补的方面。主要子课题为：1)屋顶BIPV/T+ASHP系统设计、建模、仿真与优化；2)临时/日蓄热系统设计、建模、仿真与优化；3)BIPV/T+ASHP组合系统运行优化建模与分析；4)临时/日蓄热系统运行优化。该研究结果将为建筑综合可再生能源系统的设计、评估和组件大小以及先进混合可再生能源发电及其相关HVAC配电系统的最佳运行控制策略提供现实和准确的建模工具。这样的综合模拟工具目前是缺乏的，它们的可用性，特别是像TRNSYS和EnergyPlus这样的最先进的建筑能源模拟程序，可能会促进这些环保、清洁能源系统在建筑领域的更快采用，这反过来将为加拿大对环境的承诺做出积极贡献，同时提高我们的经济竞争力。拟议的研究项目将提供建模工具和操作策略，能够预测不同先进的建筑综合能源系统的行为和性能，例如BIPV/T+ASHP，作为一个整体，以及在建筑中广泛和高度动态的热电需求条件下的每个单独组件。这些模型将在以下方面发挥作用：1)估计不同的单个系统及其组合混合配置、能耗和相关的温室气体减排潜力；2)确定不同系统在不同气候和建筑类型下的适用性；3)确定给定应用中集成系统及其相关组件的最佳尺寸；5)促进技术商业化。

The objective of the proposed research is to develop novel building integrated energy systems suitable for net-zero energy building applications through mathematical modelling, simulation, and optimization of individual components as well as their integrated systems with experimental validation from the available testing facilities. The research will focus on new and innovative renewable energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic/thermal collector, solar assisted two-stage variable capacity air-source heat pump, combined low-exergy infloor/radiant panel/forced air spacing conditioning system, applications of thermal mass and phase change materials as an integral part of the building, and hybrid combinations of different systems, as well as their overall optimal design parameters and control strategies considering the building and its HVAC system dynamics and short term weather forecast information for maximum utilization of on-site renewable energy potentials while maintaining proper indoor thermal comfort. The project will concentrate on the combined building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collectors coupled with advanced two-stage (TS) variable capacity (VC) air source heat pump (ASHP) as the primary energy generation mechanism while exploring different complementary secondary HVAC distribution systems for both heating and cooling applications in net-zero energy buildings. Emphasis will also be placed in the area of temporary/diurnal thermal storage systems, be they building integrated and/or discrete, for the maximum utilization of the solar energy generation by the combined BIPV/T+ASHP system. To achieve the stated objective the research can be loosely divided into four major subprojects with each concentrating on different but complementary aspect of the complete system. These subprojects are 1) Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Roof based BIPV/T+ASHP System, 2) Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Temporary/Diurnal Thermal Storage System, 3) Operational Optimization Modeling and Analysis of Combined BIPV/T + ASHP System, and 4) Operational Optimization of Temporary/Diurnal Thermal Storage System. The results from the proposed research will provide realistic and accurate modeling tools for designing, assessing, and component sizing of building integrated renewable energy systems and their optimal operational control strategies in advanced hybrid renewable energy generation and their related HVAC distribution systems for buildings. Such integrated simulation tools are currently lacking and their availability, particularly with state-of-the-art building energy simulation program like TRNSYS and EnergyPlus, will likely promote faster adoption of these environmental-friendly, clean energy systems in the building sector, which in turn will contribute positively to Canada's commitment to the environment while increasing our economic competitiveness. The proposed research project will provide modeling tool and operational strategy able to predict the behaviour and performance of different advanced building integrated energy systems, such as BIPV/T+ASHP, as a whole and as each individual component in wide ranging and highly dynamic thermal and electrical demand conditions in buildings. Such models will be useful in 1) estimating different individual systems as well as their combined hybrid configurations energy consumption and associated GHG reduction potentials, 2) determining the suitability of different systems in different climates and building types, 3) determining the optimal size of the integrated systems and its associated components for given applications, 4) evaluating different system optimization and operational strategies, and 5) promoting technology commercialization.