Development of Sustainable Energy Systems with Energy Storage Options for Multigeneration Purposes

由于对环境和经济的关注日益增加，迫切需要制定可持续能源解决方案，以实现一些关键目标，如：更好的设计和分析、更好的效率、更好的成本效益、更好的资源利用、更好的环境和更好的能源安全。该研究计划旨在解决这一问题，并开发具有能量存储选项的新型集成能源系统，用于从工业到住宅的各个部门的多发电目的，通过系统和应用。本研究计划由五个主要部分组成。第一部分侧重于利用多种能源的新型集成多联产系统的概念开发和设计，以及它们与可再生能源和传统能源的杂交。这些系统生产各种有价值的产品，即电力、空间供暖、水加热、蒸汽发电、水冷却、空调、氢气、海水淡化(淡水和盐)、化肥、氨、甲醇、基础建筑材料等。另一个重要方面是将能量储存选择纳入综合多发电系统，以抵消需求和供应之间的不匹配，这是一个特别涉及可再生能源的常见问题。第二部分涉及多联产系统中可能遇到的过程的模拟和分析，包括微观和宏观一级和多维模拟；热力学(能量和耗能)、流体流动、化学、热化学、催化和非催化、电化学、光化学、传热和传质分析(以稳态和非稳态形式)。第三部分涉及对拟议系统(如热机系统)及其部件(如热交换器、冷凝器、开放式给水加热器、混合室、压缩机、膨胀机、泵、锅炉等)的各种设计进行小规模实验室实验和概念验证测试。此外，通过实验测量和概念验证，对多联产系统中涉及的沸腾、加热、冷却、冷凝、蒸发、混合、压缩、膨胀等关键过程进行了较为详细的研究。第四部分是多发电系统开发和测试的多目标优化和性能评估。这是基于多目标标准进行的，包括最小化(火用)破坏、最小化成本、最小化环境影响、提高效率和可持续性等。性能评估研究通过能效和(火用)效率进行热力学研究。通过成本参数、影响准则和生命周期分析，研究了经济、环境、生态和可持续发展的绩效。最后一部分是研究如何改进系统及其部件，以获得更好的性能、成本效益、资源利用、环境、可行性、可行性、可积性等。减少系统的不可逆性和损失、实现热回收和增加有用输出的数量将是三项主要任务。将在这方面进行参数研究，以进一步发展这些参数，使其用于实际应用，并最终确定这些系统。

Due to increasing environmental and economic concerns, it is a strong need to develop sustainable energy solutions to fulfil some critical targets, such as: better design and analysis, better efficiency, better cost effectiveness, better resources use, better environment and better energy security. This research program aims to address this and develop novel integrated energy systems with energy storage options for multigeneration purposes in various sectors, ranging from industrial to residential through systems and applications. This research program consists of five main parts. The first part focuses on the conceptual development and design of novel integrated multigeneration systems using diverse energy sources and their hybridization with renewables and conventional sources. The systems produce various valuable products, namely, power, space heating, water heating, steam generation, water cooling, air conditioning, hydrogen, desalination (fresh water and salt), fertilizers, ammonia, methanol, basic construction materials, and others. Another important aspect is the energy storage options as to be incorporated into the integrated multigeneration systems to offset the mismatch between demand and supply, which is a common problem when one especially deals with renewable energy resources. The second part deals with the modeling and analyses of processes that can be encountered in multigeneration systems, covering micro- and macro-level and multi-dimensional modeling; and thermodynamic (energetically and exergetically), fluid flow, chemical, thermochemical, catalytic and non-catalytic, electrochemical, photochemical,heat transfer and mass transfer analyses (in steady and unsteady forms). The third part involves small-scale lab experiments and proof of concept testing on various designs of proposed systems (such as heat engine systems) and their components (such as heat exchangers, condensers, open feed water heaters, mixing chambers, compressors, expanders, pumps, boilers, etc.). In addition, some selected key processes, as involved in the multigeneration systems, including boiling, heating, cooling, condensation, evaporation, mixing, compression, expansion, etc., are studied in more detail through the experimental measurements and proof of concept testing. The fourth part deals with multi-objective optimization and performance assessment of the multigeneration systems developed and tested. This is done based on multi-objective criteria including minimization of exergy destructions, minimization of costs, minimization of environmental impact, and increasing efficiency and sustainability, etc. Performance assessment studies are done thermodynamically through energy and exergy efficiencies. Economic, environmental, ecological and sustainability performances are studied through cost parameters, impact criteria and life cycle analyses. The last part deals with studying the options to improve the systems and their components for better performance, cost effectiveness, resources use, environment, feasibility, viability, integrability, etc. Reducing system irreversibilities and losses, achieving heat recovery and increasing the number of useful outputs will be three main tasks to accomplish. There will be parametric studies conducted in this regard to develop these further for practical applications and finalize the systems.