Mechanisms of resistance in plants against biotic stress through metabolomics proeomics and lignomics

植物和病原体一起进化，在自然界和商业系统中竞争生存。商业系统下的植物病害管理在很大程度上取决于植物对病原体的抗性。随着基因组测序倡议的到来，小麦和大麦沿着模式植物，有很大的需要知道这些基因的功能。植物产生数以千计的代谢产物和蛋白质来抵御数百种病原体。最近，质谱技术已经发展成为一种强大的工具，能够检测数千种代谢物和蛋白质，可用于阐明基因功能。我们有技术诀窍。该知识库可用于提高作物对生物胁迫的抗性。 本研究拟对小麦抗G.玉米（无性型：小麦赤霉病是小麦和大麦生产的主要限制因素之一，小麦赤霉病的病原体是禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）。木质素是沉积在植物次生细胞壁中的抵抗病原体运动的聚合物。将提取木质素，分解为片段和单体以进行表征，并对单体进行定量。作为木质素前体的化合物以及几种抗微生物化合物将被鉴定和定量。抗菌蛋白、降解毒素和合成代谢物的酶将被鉴定和定量。将获得几个基因型和具有已知数量性状基因座的近等基因系，抗和感赤霉病（合作计划），上述生化物质将基于质谱技术进行定量，并与基因相关。与抗性相关的生物化学物质和基因将被选为生物标志物，并与其他研究人员合作，用于提高植物对生物胁迫的抗性。这里开发的技术可以应用于管理其他生物和非生物胁迫，这些胁迫是作物生产的限制因素，对环境的影响最小。

Plants and pathogens have evolved together, both competing for survival in nature and in commercial systems. Plant disease management under commercial systems depends heavily on plant resistance to pathogens. With the advent of genome sequencing initiative, wheat and barley along with model plants, there is significant need to know the functions of these genes. Plants produce thousands of metabolites and proteins to defend against hundreds of pathogens. Lately, mass spectrometry technology has evolved as a powerful tool enabling detection of thousands of metabolites and proteins, which can be used to elucidate gene functions. We have the know-how. This knowledge base can be used to improve resistance in crop plants against biotic stress. In the research proposal submitted here, the mechanisms of wheat defense against G. zeae (anamorph: Fusarium graminearum), the causal agent of fusarium head blight, one of the major constraints of wheat and barley production, will be explored based on mass spectrometry technology. Lignin is a polymer deposited in secondary cell walls of plants that resist pathogen movement. Lignin will be extracted, broken down to fragments and monomers to characterize, and the monomers will be quantified. The chemical compounds that are precursors of lignin and also several antimicrobial compounds will be identified and quantified. The antimicrobial proteins, enzymes that degrade toxins and synthesize metabolites will be identified and quantified. Several genotypes and near isogenic lines with known quantitative trait loci, resistant and susceptible to fusarium head blight, will be obtained (collaborative programs), the above biochemicals will be quantified based on mass spectrometry technology, and linked to genes. The resistance related biochemicals and genes will be selected as biomarkers and used to improve plant resistance to biotic stress, in collaboration with other researchers. The technology developed here can be applied to manage other biotic and abiotic stresses, that are constraints in crop production, with least impact on the environment.