"Reducing Environmental Pollution from Veterinary Antibiotics, Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals, and Pathogens in Livestock Manure"

加拿大每年生产超过1.8亿吨牲畜粪便，其中既有传统的污染物，也有新出现的污染物。虽然已经进行了大量的研究，以了解肥料中氮和磷化合物的命运和运输，但相对较少的工作是研究肥料中存在的抗生素，生长促进剂，天然和合成雌激素和雄激素以及病原菌对土壤和水污染的风险。 生物炭是生物质热解燃烧产生的木炭，可用作土壤改良剂，因为它具有大的表面积，并在土壤中风化时产生高表面电荷，使其能够捕获多余的肥料养分，从而防止它们从土壤中沥滤，保持土壤水分，并作为分解微生物的首选栖息地。它在土壤中的停留时间也很长（数百至数千年）。生物炭可以在控制和减少兽医抗生素，生长促进化学品，类固醇雌激素和雄激素，病原体和农药在土壤中的流动性方面发挥潜在的重要作用。据推测，生物炭将是一种有效的药剂，可以结合牲畜粪便中的抗生素、激素和病原体，从而防止它们从田间运输。它还可以为病原体在土壤中的定殖和存活提供有利的物理和化学条件。 我的研究计划的长期目标是严格审查生物炭土壤改良剂在减少畜禽粪便中各种新兴化学物质对土壤和水污染方面的作用。短期目标是量化和证实生物炭在减少粗糙土壤中牲畜粪便中兽医抗生素以及天然和合成类固醇激素对环境污染的作用。 据我们所知，关于生物炭对兽药、男性和女性类固醇激素和病原体的影响，几乎没有发表过相关研究。

Canada produces over 180 million tonnes of livestock manure annually, containing both conventional and emerging contaminants. While a lot of research has been carried out to understand the fate and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in manure, relatively little work has been done to look into the risks of soil and water pollution from antibiotics, growth promoters, natural and synthetic estrogenic and androgenic hormones, and pathogenic bacteria, present in the manure. Biochar, the charcoal produced from pyrolysis burning of biomass, can be applied as a soil amendment as it possesses a large surface area and develops high surface charge as it weathers in soil, allowing it to capture excess fertilizer nutrients and thus prevent their leaching from soil, retain soil moisture and serve as a preferred habitat for decomposer microorganisms. It also has a very long residence time in soil (hundreds to thousands of years. Biochar could play a potentially important role in controlling and reducing the mobility of veterinary antibiotics, growth promoting chemicals, steroidal estrogenic and androgenic hormones, pathogens, and pesticides in soil. It is hypothesized that biochar would be an effective agent that binds antibiotics, hormones, and pathogens from livestock manure, thereby preventing their transport from the field. It may also provide favorable physical and chemical conditions for colonization and survival of pathogens in soil. The long-term goal of my research program is to critically examine the role of biochar soil amendments in reducing soil and water pollution from various emerging chemicals in livestock manure. The short-term objectives are to quantify and substantiate the role of biochar in reducing environmental pollution from veterinary antibiotics as well as natural and synthetic steroid hormones in livestock manure in a coarse-textured soil. To the best of our knowledge, there is little published work on the effect of biochar on veterinary pharmaceuticals, male and female steroid hormones, and pathogens.