Carbon Negative Buildings for Sustainable Construction:Structural Performance of Hybrid Timber and Concrete Columns

生产最常见的传统建筑材料--混凝土和钢铁--需要大量的能源投入，并导致温室气体的产生，从而导致气候变化。消费者、政策制定者和产业界越来越认识到，迫切需要更“可持续”和更绿色的基础设施。研究表明，木材的碳足迹比钢筋混凝土低17%到80%。因此，通过更广泛地使用木材来建立更可持续的基础设施具有巨大的潜力。传统上，木材在加拿大被广泛用于住宅建设。它在更大的建筑物和结构(最多6层)中的使用受到了限制。这些结构需要更坚固的结构部件，而这些部件以前在木材中是不存在的。然而，通过将木材和混凝土结合起来，可以创造出更坚固的结构组件。使用混凝土的一个缺点是，它的制造会产生大量的温室气体。可以通过使用低碳胶凝材料而不是传统混凝土来缓解这一问题。这项研究将对木材和低碳胶凝材料混合的建筑构件的结构性能进行实验和分析。这项研究的长期目标是为这些部件制定设计标准，以便将它们纳入建筑规范，从而成为加拿大工程师设计真正可持续结构的工具。 在建筑物中安装更多的木材将封存碳，这将是以基本非常低的成本减少加拿大碳排放的一种手段。这项研究的一个重要受益者将是木制品制造业，该行业在2009年贡献了81亿美元的GDP，但由于依赖美国的住宅部门，出口和就业已经连续几年下降。允许木材用于中层建筑和非住宅应用的部件将为这个关键的加拿大行业提供一个新的、重要的利基市场。

The production of the most common conventional building materials, concrete and steel, requires large energy inputs and results in green-house gas production that contributes to climate change. There is a growing recognition by consumers, policy makers, and industry of the urgent need for more "sustainable" and green infrastructure. Timber has been shown to have a carbon footprint about 17% to 80% lower than reinforced concrete. Thus there is tremendous potential to create more sustainable infrastructure with wider use of timber. Traditionally, timber has been used widely in Canada for residential construction. Its use in larger buildings and structures (up to 6 storeys) has been limited. These structures require stronger structural components that have previously not been available in timber. However, by combining timber with concrete, a much stronger structural component can be created. A downside of using concrete is that its manufacture results in the production of large amounts of green-house gases. This can be mitigated by using low-carbon cementitious materials rather than conventional concrete. This research will investigate, experimentally and analytically, the structural performance of building components that are a hybrid of timber and low carbon cementitious materials. The long-term objective of this research is to develop design standards for these components such that they can be incorporated into building codes, and hence be a tool for Canadian engineers to design truly sustainable structures. Implementing additional timber in buildings will sequester carbon and would be one means to reduce Canada's carbon emissions at essentially very low cost. An important beneficiary of this research will be the wood product manufacturing industry, which contributed $8.1 billion in GDP in 2009 but has seen several years of declining exports and employment due to its reliance on the residential sector in the U.S. Components that permit timber to be used in mid-rise and non-residential applications will provide a new, important niche for this critical Canadian industry.