Information processing in the first half-second of vision

在接下来的五年里，我计划在三个不同的领域工作，所有这些都与广泛关注的领域有关。计划中的实验主要是为了研究视觉前半秒内发生的知觉/注意事件。 1.注意眨眼(AB)。当两个目标(T1和T2)快速连续显示时，T1的精确度几乎是完美的，但T2(AB)的精确度大大降低。众所周知，关于T1和T2呈现的时间顺序的信息在AB期间被损害，但这还没有被系统地研究。我计划研究任务难度等各种因素是如何影响AB中时间顺序的感知的。我还计划研究在T1和T2之间呈现的刺激对AB的影响(干扰、空白框、T1的重复或延长呈现等)。这将检验来自不同理论的预测。 2.抑制返回(IOR)。IOR指的是对出现在先前有人看守的位置的靶子的反应时间比对出现在先前无人看管的位置的靶子的反应时间慢的发现。计划在这一领域开展的工作侧重于观察者期望和注意动量对IOR大小的作用。 3.驾驶模拟器研究。在CFI拨款的帮助下，我购买了一台高保真驾驶模拟器，现在功能齐全。我计划在真实的自然环境中研究我在实验室中研究过的注意现象(例如AB和IOR)，并将继续研究。此外，我还将研究走神所产生的注意力不集中如何影响驾驶性能的各个方面。

In the next five years, I plan to work in three separate areas, all related to the broad field of attention. The planned experiments are mostly designed to study the perceptual/attentional events that occur during the first half-second of vision. 1. The attentional blink (AB). When two targets (T1 and T2) are displayed in rapid succession, accuracy is nearly perfect for T1 but substantially reduced for T2 (AB). It is known that information about the temporal order in which T1 and T2 are presented is impaired during the AB, but this has not been investigated systematically. I plan to examine how various factors such as task difficulty affect the perception of temporal order in the AB. I also plan to investigate how the AB is affected by the stimuli that are presented between T1 and T2 (distractors, blank frames, repeated or extended presentation of T1, etc.). This will test predictions from different theories. 2. Inhibition of return (IOR). IOR refers to the finding that reaction times are slower to a target presented at a previously attended location than to a target presented at a previously unattended location. The work planned in this area focuses on the role of observer expectation and attentional momentum on the magnitude of IOR. 3. Driving simulator studies. With the aid of a CFI grant, I have purchased a high-fidelity driving simulator that is now fully functional. I plan to examine in a realistic natural setting the attentional phenomena that I have studied - and will continue to study - in the laboratory (e.g., AB and IOR). In addition, I will study how inattention - as produced by mind-wandering - affects various aspects of driving performance.