"ELECTRON, OPTICAL, ACOUSTIC, SONAR AND RADIO WAVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS/MATTER AND THEIR STRUCTURES"

这项研究的目标是构建新型成像设备并开发与其相关的成像方法，以便对物质的性质进行新的测量。成像设备是基于全息术和干涉测量法构建的，使用电子、光子、声波、声纳和无线电波的干扰。一种成像设备及其相关方法，共焦全息术(CH)，在2009年和2011年获得了专利。CH适用于电子、激光、声纳、声波和无线电波的使用。CH是独一无二的，因为它能够获得从一个方向观看的对象的三维(3D)图像，即不需要对象或成像设备的旋转。它使用激光测量加热流体的3D温度分布，证明其概念是一种有效的成像和测量方法。利用声束，它正在被开发来检测人体内健康和患病组织的区域，最初针对的是前列腺癌。利用无线电波，正在对CH进行研究，以测量地球大气的3D温度、压力和组成，目标是气候变化监测和加强对大气科学的了解。在不久的将来，基于电子的CH将使用由NSERC发现补助金申请者建造的超高分辨率扫描透射式电子全息显微镜(STEHM)在纳米尺度甚至亚原子尺度上成像和测量固体的原子、电子和准粒子(声子、等离子体、激子等)结构的3D性质。使用声纳，一种独特的CH设计已经存在，但尚未实施，以连续测量海洋的温度、压力和成分，从海洋表面到海底，深度受到背反射强度的限制。这个声纳装置还将以气候变化监测为目标，并增强我们对海洋科学的知识。中国科学院正在研究的每一个物体，即准粒子、原子、分子、液体、气体、人体、海洋和地球大气，都是复杂的、具有挑战性的，需要与这些研究领域的专家合作，很好地理解预期的测量。

The objectives of the research are to construct new types of imaging devices and develop their associated imaging methods in order to make new measurements of the properties of matter. The imaging devices being constructed as based on holography and interferometry using the interference of electrons, photons, acoustic waves, sonar and radio waves. One imaging device and its associated methods, confocal holography (CH), were patented in 2009 and 2011. CH is applicable for the use of electrons, lasers, sonar, acoustic waves and radio waves. CH is unique as it enables obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) image of an object being viewed from one direction, i.e., no rotation of the object or imaging device is required. Using lasers, it measures the 3D temperature distribution of a heated fluid proving its concepts as a valid imaging and measurement method. Using acoustic beams, it is being developed to detect regions of healthy and diseased tissue in the human body, initially targeting the prostate for cancer. Using radio waves, CH is being investigated for measuring the Earth atmosphere's 3D temperature, pressure and composition, targeting climate change monitoring and enhanced knowledge of the atmosphere sciences. In the near future, electron-based CH will image and measure the 3D properties of a solid's atomic, electronic and quasiparticle (phonons, plasmons, excitons, etc) structures at the nanoscale and even sub-atomic scale using an ultra-high resolution scanning transmission electron holography microscope (STEHM) being constructed by this NSERC Discovery Grant applicant. Using sonar, a unique CH design exists but not yet implemented to continuously measure the ocean's temperature, pressure and composition from the ocean's surface to the seafloor with the depth limited by the back-reflection intensity. This sonar device will also target climate change monitoring and enhance our knowledge of the ocean sciences. Each of the objects being investigated by CH, i.e., quasiparticles, atoms, molecules, liquids, gases, the human body, the ocean and the Earth's atmosphere, are complex, challenging and require a good understanding for the intended measurements made possible by collaboration with experts in these respectively fields of study.