Electrophysiological and behavioural measures of bilingual lexical processing

虽然最近在确定双语对语言理解的影响方面取得了实质性的进展，但关于双语是如何引起词汇加工的拼写、语音和语义水平上的细微变化的，仍有许多有待理解的地方。本研究旨在修改单语视觉和口语识别时间过程的前沿模型，以考虑双语的影响，包括：(A)非目标语信息对视觉和口语识别的影响；(B)说话人特征(如熟练程度、习得年龄)如何改变双语对语言加工的影响；以及(C)双语者神经认知加工的变化对语言加工的影响。为了回答这些问题，我们使用了行为学和ERP方法。我们提出了三组实验来检验： 1)非目标语正字法和语音竞争者在听觉和视觉通道中的单词识别中的作用(具体目标1)； 2)双语者也能观察到单语者的语义效应，以及二语语义信息对母语加工的影响(特定目标2)； 3)双语带来的神经认知变化，以及这些变化对语言处理的影响(具体目标3)。 这项研究将为培养3名研究生和几名本科生提供依据。荣誉、研究生和其他HQP在我的实验室接受心理语言学、认知心理学和认知神经科学方法的培训。受训者参与了研究的各个方面：概念化、刺激选择、实验设计、受试者招募、行为和ERP任务的准备和编程，以及数据收集和分析。他们还接受了神经认知任务的管理、结果解释和手稿准备方面的培训。

While substantial recent progress has been made in establishing the effects of bilingualism on language comprehension, much remains to be understood about the ways in which bilingualism gives rise to subtle alterations at orthographic, phonological and semantic levels of lexical processing. The present program of research aims to modify cutting-edge models of the timecourse of monolingual visual and spoken word recognition to take into account the effects of bilingualism, including: (a) the effects of non-target language information on visual and spoken word recognition; (b) the ways in which speaker characteristics (e.g., proficiency, age of acquisition) modify the effects of bilingualism on language processing; and (c) the impact on language processing of changes in neurocognitive processing in bilinguals. To answer these questions, we use behavioural and ERP methods. We propose three sets of experiments examining: 1) the role of non-target language orthographic and phonological competitors on word recognition in both auditory and visual modalities (Specific Aim 1); 2) the extent to which semantic effects attested in monolinguals are also observed in bilinguals, and the effect of L2 semantic information on L1 processing (Specific Aim 2); 3) neurocognitive changes that occur with bilingualism, and the ways in which they influence language processing (Specific Aim 3). The proposed research will provide a basis for training 3 graduate students and several undergraduate students. Honours and graduate students and other HQP receive training in psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience methods in my lab. Trainees are involved in all aspects of the research: conceptualization, stimulus selection, experimental design, subject recruitment, preparation and programming of behavioral, and ERP tasks, and data collection and analysis. They are also trained in administration of neurocognitive tasks, interpretation of results, and manuscript preparation.