Evaluation of hydraulic tomography and data integration for improved estimates of subsurface hydraulic parameters

水力层析成像（HT）正迅速成为一种新的油田技术，用于对地下非均质性进行成像，包括水力传导率(K)和比储存（Ss）。特别是，HT涉及(1)在井网上进行连续的含水层水力试验，(2)联合分析完整的数据集，以获得对K和s分布的一致解释，并系统地减少相关的不确定性。已有研究表明，高温测井数据本身比单井抽水试验包含更多的信息，联合解释方法在圈定非均质性方面优于常规数据分析方法。然而，最近的一项研究（如Berg和Illman， 2011b）表明，高温成像需要进一步研究和开发，以成像高度非均质多孔介质。

Hydraulic tomography (HT) is rapidly emerging as a new field technology to image the subsurface heterogeneity for both hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss). In particular, HT involves (1) conducting sequential aquifer hydraulic tests over a well network and (2) jointly analyzing the complete data set to obtain a consistent interpretation of the K and Ss distributions and to systematically reduce the associated uncertainties. Prior research has shown that HT data inherently contain more information than single well pumping tests and the joint interpretation method is superior to conventional data analysis methods in delineating the heterogeneities. However, a recent study (e.g., Berg and Illman, 2011b) suggests that HT requires further research and development to image highly heterogeneous porous media. The overall goal of this project is to develop a HT at the University of Waterloo (UW) in partnership with AMEC Enviroment and Infrastructure, one of the world's leading engineering, project management, and consultancy companies. Specific objectives are: 1) to demonstrate that HT is superior to conventional methods for estimating spatial distribution of hydrogeologic properties (i.e., K and Ss); 2) to investigate whether HT results can yield finer scale details to heterogeneity through the fusion of complementary geological/geophysical data; 3) to develop guidance for HT field implementation and compare costs associated with HT and conventional methods; 4) to explore the utility of HT technology in the Canadian market; and 5) to train highly qualified personnel (HQP). The main benefit from this project that is expected to accrue to the Canadian industry, the UW, and the discipline is the development of a new method to delineate subsurface heterogeneity in hydraulic parameters. This should lead to improved reliability of groundwater flow and transport models and better designs for: 1) groundwater extraction and storage (e.g., Aquifer Storage & Recovery operations); 2) groundwater remediation; 3) fossil fuel extraction; 4) waste disposal sites; 5) in situ metal leaching with acids, etc.