Exploring the use of EK-TAP technology for in situ remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with oil-field produced wastewater

水力压裂和油砂开采越来越多地被用作回收非常规化石燃料的手段。 加拿大和世界各地的燃料来源。提取技术使用大量淡水，并产生废水，称为油田生产废水。废水由以下物质的复杂混合物组成： 溶解的有机和无机化合物，已知对水生生境具有毒理学影响。是 由于其毒性使得人们越来越关注产出废水的意外释放（例如， 通过堤坝渗漏或蓄水池和尾矿池的渗透，注入威尔斯井的渗漏， 废水输送管道和卡车）以及地表水、地下水和土壤的污染。因此，我们认为， 可以减轻采出废水影响的处理技术将为油砂提供巨大的好处 和水力压裂行业，保护环境和公众健康。 此次合作的目标是探索EK-TAP技术修复地下水和土壤的功效 受油田生产废水污染。EK-TAP由Geosyntec发明，利用直流电 动电（EK）增强过硫酸盐输送到低渗透率地下区域，然后 施加交流电以热活化过硫酸盐（TAP）。过硫酸盐的活化将化学物质 转化为强氧化剂（例如，过硫酸盐和羟基自由基），可以氧化和去除各种有机物 污染物。将进行实验室和实地实验，以检查控制EKTAP技术性能的因素，并确定使该技术在修复受污染场地方面具有可靠性和成本效益的方法 油田生产废水。

Hydraulic fracturing and oil sands extraction are being increasingly used as means of recovering unconventional fossil fuel sources in Canada and around the world. The extraction technologies utilize large volumes of freshwater, and generate wastewater, known as oil-field produced wastewater. The wastewater is comprised of a complex mixture of dissolved organic and inorganic compounds, and is known to possess toxicological effects on aquatic habitats. It is because of its toxicity that there has been a growing concern over the accidental release of the produced wastewater (e.g., via dyke seepage or infiltration at the storage impoundments and tailing ponds, leakage in the injection wells, spill of wastewater-carrying pipelines and trucks) and the contamination of surface water, groundwater, and soil. Therefore, treatment technologies that can mitigate the impact of the produced wastewater will provide great benefits to the oil sands and hydraulic fracturing industries, and protect the environment and public health. The goal of this collaboration is to explore the efficacy of the EK-TAP technology for remediating groundwater and soil contaminated with oil-field produced wastewater. EK-TAP, invented by Geosyntec, utilizes direct current to electrokinetically (EK) enhance the delivery of persulfate into low-permeability subsurface zones, followed by the application of alternating current to thermally activate persulfate (TAP). The activation of persulfate converts the chemical into powerful oxidants (e.g., persulfate and hydroxyl radicals) that can oxidize and remove a wide range of organic contaminants. Laboratory and field experiments will be conducted to examine factors that control the performance of the EKTAP technology, and identify means of making the technology robust and cost-effective for remediating sites contaminated with oil-field produced wastewater.