Combating Winter Ulcer Disease in Canadian Industry

冬季溃疡病主要影响挪威和冰岛的鲑鱼，但也影响苏格兰的法罗群岛 岛屿、加拿大和爱尔兰。爆发最常见于大西洋鲑鱼，萨尔莫salar L.，而且在 虹鳟鱼Oncorhynchus mykiss（Walbaum）。革兰氏阴性菌，粘被孢霉是主要的 冬季溃疡病的病原体在冷水温度（8-12°C）在海水中，然而， wodanis [以前的Vibrio wodanis]通常与M. viscosa或作为唯一的分离物从鱼与 疾病虽然认识到冬季溃疡病20多年前，这种疾病的发病机制， 尚未完全了解，只有少数毒力特征已被确定在Moritella viscossa。为 基于知识的疫苗和疫苗策略的开发，这是一个相当大的劣势。这些 疫情对水产业构成严重威胁，直接影响到水产品的健康成本， 通过对生产管理决策的影响，以及与冬季一样， 溃疡病，降低胴体质量）。这种疾病是水产养殖中使用抗生素的主要原因 在加拿大东海岸，轶事报告表明，这种疾病的死亡率正在上升，尽管它是 原因不明目前的工作目标是建立一个挑战模型的研究M。粘胶 并描述溃疡的发展，以便未来的疫苗靶点可以在一个 控制设置。此外，我们将确定常见的混合感染对冬季病理学的影响 溃疡病

Winter ulcer disease has mainly affected salmonids in Norway and Iceland, but also in Scotland, the Faroe Islands, Canada and Ireland. Outbreaks occur most commonly in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., but also in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The Gram-negative bacterium, Moritella viscosa is the main aetiological agent of winter ulcer disease at cold water temperatures (8-12°C) in seawater, however, Aliivibrio wodanis [formerly Vibrio wodanis] is often co-isolated with M. viscosa or as the only isolate from fish with the disease. Although winter ulcer disease was recognised more than 20 years ago, the pathogenesis of this disease is not yet fully understood and only a few virulence features have been characterized in Moritella viscosa. For knowledge-based development of vaccines and vaccine strategies, this is a considerable disadvantage. These outbreaks represent a serious threat to the industry, both directly in terms of the cost of aquatic health products and monitoring costs, and indirectly through impacts on production management decisions and, as with winter ulcer disease, in reduced carcass quality). This disease is the primary reason for antibiotic usage in aquaculture on the east coast of Canada and anecdotal reports suggest mortality from this disease is increasing although it is unclear as to why. The goals of the current work are to develop a challenge model for the study of M. viscose and characterize ulcer development so that future vaccine targets can be tested against this disease on a controlled setting. Furthermore, we will determine the impacts of common co-infection on pathology of winter ulcer disease.