Energy Efficiency and Quality of Service Guarantees for Cloud Services

这项发现拨款将探讨支持云服务的增强型互联网网络中的能效和服务质量(Qos)保证的主题。当前的尽力而为互联网对云服务提出了挑战，因为它的丢包率高，吞吐量、延迟和能效都很低。已公布的报告表明，尽力而为的互联网和全球数据中心每年消耗约2000亿千瓦时的电力，能源成本约为140亿美元。同样的报告指出，这些资源的负荷通常为20%至30%，通过积极追求更好的设计，能源成本可以降低70%(每年可能减少100亿美元)。 这项发现拨款将探索使用软件定义网络(SDN)技术的增强型互联网网络。该网络将为云服务提供更高的利用率、能效和服务质量保证。增强型互联网结合了几种技术：(I)具有更高带宽效率的低抖动的Qos感知路由器调度算法，(Ii)用于云服务的新的改进的路由算法，(Iii)新的基于流的资源预留信令协议，以及(Iv)流聚合，以在数据中心之间建立高效的保证速率连接。SDN控制平面可以实施最大流最小能量路由算法来以最小能量需求来路由数据中心之间的连接。根据我发表的论文，这些技术可以实现：(I)云服务延迟极低的“本质上完美”的服务质量保证；(Ii)本质上完美的带宽效率和资源利用率；以及(Iii)显著提高系统利用率和能源效率。我在2010年6月的IEEE JSAC上发表的题为《在具有本质上完美的服务质量的互联网骨干网络上配置任务关键型远程机器人控制系统》的论文(以及我的样例出版物4)中讨论了“本质上完美的服务质量”的概念。 这项发现拨款的一个主要目标是探索增强型互联网的路由和调度算法、信令协议和SDN控制平面。我们将搭建SDN试验床来演示增强型Internet网络。增强型互联网将(I)实现更高的服务质量和能源效率，(I)显著降低与低效相关的能源成本，(Ii)每年为业界节省数十亿美元。 有人说，互联网是僵化的，也就是说，互联网的控制平面是一成不变的，无法改变。在看到尽力而为的互联网在多年来几乎没有改善之后，国际社会最近采用了‘OpenFlow’协议和‘软件定义的网络’(SDN)作为允许灵活的互联网控制平面的技术。SDN将互联网控制平面与交换/路由硬件解耦，并为研究人员提供可编程的控制平面。这种可编程性使研究人员能够在真实的路由器/交换机上实施新的网络协议，提供前所未有的灵活性。研究人员不再局限于使用经过批准的IETF或IEEE标准。2010年，欧盟启动了“奥菲利亚”项目，将SDN路由器纳入吉昂特研究网络，该网络将欧洲核子研究中心等主要欧洲中心连接在一起(http://www.fp7-ofelia.eu). 这笔发现拨款将探索使用OpenFlow和SDN技术的“增强型互联网”网络的算法，它将构建一个试验台，展示具有改进的资源利用率和云服务的Qos保证的增强型互联网，并将培训学生使用SDN和互联网技术。

This discovery grant will explore the topics of Energy Efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees in an Enhanced-Internet network which supports cloud services. The current Best-Effort Internet poses a challenge for cloud services, with its high packet loss rates, and its poor throughput, latency and energy-efficiency. Published reports indicate that the Best-Effort Internet and global data-centers use about 200 billion KW-hours of electricity per year, and that energy costs are about $14 billion US per year. The same reports indicate that these resources are lightly loaded with typically 20 to 30% loads, and that energy costs can be reduced by 70% (potentially by $10 billion US a year) through aggressive pursuit of better designs. This discovery grant will explore an Enhanced-Internet network using Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies. The network will provide improved utilizations, energy efficiency and QoS guarantees for cloud services. The Enhanced-Internet combines several technologies; (i) a low-jitter QoS-aware router scheduling algorithm with improved bandwidth-efficiency, (ii) a new and improved routing algorithm for Cloud services, (iii) a new flow-based resource-reservation signaling protocol, and (iv) flow aggregation, to establish highly-efficient guaranteed-rate connections between data-centers. The SDN control plane can implement a Maximum-Flow Minimum-Energy routing algorithm to route the connections between data-centers with minimum energy requirements. According to my published papers, these techniques can achieve: (i) ‘essentially-perfect’ QoS guarantees with exceptionally low latencies for cloud services, (ii) essentially-perfect bandwidth-efficiency and resource utilization, and (iii) significantly improved system utilization and energy-efficiency. The concept of ‘Essentially-Perfect QoS’ is discussed in my paper entitled ‘Provisioning Mission-Critical Telerobotic Control Systems over Internet Backbone Networks with Essentially-Perfect QoS’, IEEE JSAC, June 2010 (and in my sample publication 4). A main objective of this discovery grant is to explore routing and scheduling algorithms, signalling protocols and the SDN control plane for anEnhanced-Internet. We will build an SDN testbed to demonstrate the Enhanced-Internet network. The Enhanced-Internet will (i) achieve improved QoS and energy-efficiency, (i) decrease the energy costs associated with inefficiencies significantly, and (ii) save industry several $ Billion per year. It has been stated that the Internet is ‘Ossified', i.e., metaphorically the Internet control plane is set in stone and unable to change. After years of seeing little improvement in the Best-Effort Internet, the international community has recently adopted the ‘OpenFlow’ protocol and ‘Software Defined Networking’ (SDN) as technologies which allow for a flexible Internet control plane. SDN decouples the Internet control plane from the switching/routing hardware, and provides a programmable control plane to researchers. This programmability allows researchers to implement new networking protocols on real routers/switches, providing unprecedented flexibility. Researchers are no longer constrained to use an approved IETF or IEEE standard. In 2010 the European Union initiated the 'Ofelia' project to include SDN routers in the Geant research network, which links major European centers such as CERN together (http://www.fp7-ofelia.eu). This discovery grant will explore algorithms for an ‘Enhanced-Internet’ network using Openflow and SDN technologies, it will construct a testbed to demonstrate an Enhanced-Internet with improved resource-utilization and QoS guarantees for Cloud services, and it will train students in SDN and Internet technologies.