Drivers and modulators of collisional tectonics and their impact on geohazards

了解构造板块力量的分布是预测未来地球仪地震活动的关键。虽然地震大多发生在构造板块边缘，由于板块相对运动产生的力量，但它们也可能是由远程力量，内部板块运动和气候影响引起的，这些都是研究不足的。传统的板块构造理论认为，山脉带是地壳沿着会聚的板块边缘挤压增厚而形成的。然而，理论和观测研究表明，变形也发生在板块内部。山地边界的碰撞力与驱动板块运动的力相反。这种对抗作用将应力传递到板块内部，导致板块内变形，并可能导致板块解体。相反地，构造板块的分裂会减少传递到碰撞边缘的力的大小，从而影响那里的变形量和地震活动。尽管有文件记载，但这些联系和反馈机制仍不清楚。

Understanding distribution of tectonic plate forces is key to predicting future earthquake activity around the globe. Although earthquakes mostly occur at tectonic plate edges due to the forces generated by relative movements of the plates, they can also be caused by remote forces, interior plate movements, and climatic effects that are poorly studied. Conventional plate tectonics assumes that mountain belts form by compression and thickening of Earth’s crust along convergent plate margins. Yet theoretical and observational studies show that deformation also occurs in plate interiors. Collisional forces at mountainous boundaries oppose forces driving plate movement. This antagonism transmits stress into plate interiors, causing intraplate deformation and potentially leading to the disintegration of a plate. Conversely, breakup of a tectonic plate will reduce the amount of force transmitted to a collisional margin, influencing the amount of deformation and earthquake activity there. Although documented, these connections and feedback mechanisms remain unclear.