Mineralogy, petrology and isotope systematics of Proterozoic continental rift-related alkaline magmatism, Northwestern Ontario, Canada

铌、稀土矿床形成于伟晶岩、碳酸岩和某些过碱性岩浆岩等高度分异的岩浆流体中。由于稀土用于钕磁体和各种电子元件的技术应用以及铌用于钢合金的需求，北美碳酸盐岩和碱性复合物的勘探正在增加。 每个铌和稀土存款是独特的，通常呈现各种铌和稀土矿物。 目前的勘探方法通常基于大块岩石分析。这种方法是不够的，因为碳酸盐岩和有关的碱性岩石中的铌和稀土的矿物成分变化。重要的是要了解每个矿床的矿物学。

Niobium and rare earth element (REE) deposits are formed from highly differentiated magmatic fluids, such as pegmatites, carbonatites, and some peralkaline igneous rocks. Exploration of carbonatite and alkaline complexes across North America is increasing due to the demand of REEs for technological applications in Nd-magnets and diverse electronic components, and Nb for steel alloys. Each Nb- and REE deposit is unique, commonly presenting a variety of Nb- and REE minerals. Current exploration methods are often based on bulk rock analysis. This method is inadequate due to the compositional variation of Nb- and REE-bearing minerals in carbonatites and related alkaline rocks. It is important to understand the mineralogy of each of the deposits.