CMS restorer genes and proteins of Brassica napus (canola)

细胞质雄性不育（CMS）是高等植物中广泛存在的一种性状，它是由线粒体基因组中新的开放阅读框（ORF）的表达引起的。 在大多数情况下，核基因称为恢复的生育力（Rf）已被确定，可以抑制CMS表型。这种核恢复基因对特定形式的CMS具有特异性，并通过下调新的CMS相关线粒体ORF的表达来发挥功能。CMS -恢复基因系统提供了一种研究核基因组和线粒体基因组之间相互作用的方法，并且具有进化意义，因为它们代表了一种类型的“基因组冲突”或进化“军备竞赛”：母系遗传，赋予CMS的mtDNA可以在种群中传播，但随着花粉变得有限，选择压力建立了可以抑制CMS的恢复基因的进化。我们已经发现了这两种形式CMS的新特征，

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread trait among higher plants that results from the expression of novel open reading frames (ORFs) in the mitochondrial genome. In most cases, nuclear genes termed restorers-of-fertility (Rf ) have been identified that can suppress the CMS phenotype. Such nuclear restorer genes are specific for a particular form of CMS and function by down-regulating the expression of the novel, CMS-associated mitochondrial ORF. CMS – restorer gene systems offer a means of studying interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and are of evolutionary interest because they represent a type of “genomic conflict” or evolutionary “arms race”: maternally inherited, CMS-conferring mtDNAs can spread in a population but as pollen becomes limiting, selective pressure builds for the evolution of a restorer gene that can suppress the CMS. We have discovered novel features of the two forms of CMS,