Hub Location and Hub Network Design

集线器是各种运输和电信网络的重要组成部分，用作交换，分类和连接点，以及合并或散件码头。在运输网络中，枢纽是车辆或运输方式之间交换乘客和货物的地方。公共交通枢纽的例子包括机场、火车站、地铁站和公共汽车总站。另一方面，货运枢纽可能是卡车码头、分类场、海港或这些的任何组合（联运码头）。电信网络中的集线器包括交换机、路由器和集中器。

Hubs are an important component of various transportation and telecommunications networks, functioning as switching, sorting, and connection points, as well as consolidation or break-bulk terminals. In transportation networks, a hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or transportation modes. Examples of public transportation hubs include airports, railway stations, metro stations, and bus terminals. Freight hubs, on the other hand, may be truck terminals, classification yards, seaports, or any combination of these (intermodal terminals). Hubs in telecommunications networks include switches, routers, and concentrators.