Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured biomaterials

纳米结构银具有异常高水平的抗微生物活性（Wright等人）。AJIC 1999;27、怀特等。伤口1998;10(6)和Wright等人。AJIC 1998)，并结合伤口抗炎的意想不到的好处（Wright等人）。中华创伤杂志2002；10)。轶事临床证据还表明，这种类型的银在治疗炎症性疾病，如湿疹和牛皮癣-表皮完整的疾病方面非常有效（pers comm. G. Sibbald, 2002）。迄今为止，对纳米晶银的生物活性的作用机制还没有了解，尽管比较数据表明它与银（1+）离子的存在无关（Wright等）。中华创伤杂志2002；10)。本研究的目的是从材料和生物学的角度合成和表征用于治疗人类和动物炎症的新型纳米结构贵金属基材料。纳米结构材料将使用各种原子工艺合成，包括物理气相沉积（PVD），电沉积和化学沉积，最初的重点是低能PVD技术。这些材料将在各种无机和有机衬底上合成，用于随后的表征和测试。这将涉及高分辨率显微镜（SEM和AFM），表面分析（XRD， XRF， XPS和SIMS），电化学（循环伏安法，库仑分析和扫描电化学显微镜）和重量（石英微天平分析）技术。材料的生物学测试将包括抗菌（体外对数还原）、抗炎（体内核探针、免疫测定和组织化学技术）、止痒（体内免疫测定和组织化学分析）和免疫调节（分子技术和免疫测定）效果的分析。这些材料的体内评估将利用污染伤口愈合、接触性皮炎以及急性和慢性肺部炎症的模型。利用纳米结构材料治疗和控制感染是医学研究的一个新领域。这种材料（纳米晶银）的首次临床应用是在1996年。目前，除了银以外，世界上还没有其他研究项目来研究纳米晶贵金属的医学影响。这项工作将扩展有关银和贵金属（如金和铂）的知识边界。预计这项工作将为广泛的炎症性疾病的治疗奠定基础。这项技术的发展将使加拿大保持在纳米结构生物医学材料研究的前沿，并通过研究生和研究生培训为加拿大工业提供源源不断的高素质研究人员。

Nanostructured silver has an unusually high level of anti-microbial activity (Wright et al. AJIC 1999;27,Wright et al. Wounds 1998;10(6) and Wright et al. AJIC 1998) in conjunction with the unexpected benefit of being anti-inflammatory in wounds (Wright et al. Wound REP REG 2002;10). Anecdotal clinical evidence also suggests that this type of silver is highly effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as eczema and psoriasis-disease in which there is an intact epidermis (pers comm. G. Sibbald, 2002). There is, to date, no understanding of the mechanism of action for the biological activity of the nanocrystalline silver, although comparative data suggests it is not related to the presence of silver (1+) ions (Wright et al. Wound REP REG 2002;10). The objectives of this research are to synthesize and characterize, both from a materials and biological perspective, new types of nanostructured noble metal-based materials for the treatment of human and animal inflammatory conditions. Nanostructured materials will be synthesized using a variety of atomic processes including physical vapour deposition (PVD), electrodeposition and electroless deposition with an initial focus on low-energy PVD techniques. The materials will be synthesized on a variety of inorganic and organic substrates for subsequent characterization and testing. This will involve high-resolution microscopy (SEM and AFM), surface analytical (XRD, XRF, XPS and SIMS), electrochemical (cyclic voltametry, coulometric analysis and scanning electrochemical microscopy) and gravimetric (quartz microbalance analysis) techniques. The biological testing of the materials will include analyses of antimicrobial (in vitro log reduction), anti-inflammatory (in vivo nuclear probes, immunoassays and histochemical techniques), antipruritic (in vivo immunoassays and histochemical analyses) and immunomodulating (molecular techniques and immunoassays) effects. In vivo assessments of the materials will utilize models of contaminated wound healing, contact dermatitis and acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation. The use of nanostructured materials for the treatment and control of infections is a new field of medical research. The first clinical use of such materials (nanocrystalline silver) was in 1996. Currently, there are no other research programs in the world studying the medical impact of nanocrystalline noble metals other than silver. This work will extend the boundaries of knowledge regarding silver and noble metals, such as gold and platinum. It is expected that this work will form the basis for treatments of a wide range of inflammatory disease conditions. This technology development will keep Canada at the forefront of nanostructured biomedical materials research and provide a steady stream of highly-qualified research personnel through graduate and post-graduate training for Canadian industry.