Predicting Climate Change Impact on Physical Mass Transport in Lakes

虽然加拿大比大多数国家拥有更多的淡水，但由于气候变化和其他人类影响，我们可用水的数量和质量发生了变化，这极大地影响了加拿大人的生活。运输过程，如循环和不可逆混合的描述是必不可少的各种水质问题的理解。例子包括上游水库后面的营养物的捕获，营养物供应到支持浮游植物和渔业食物供应的透光层，污水扩散，以及污染物（如E。大肠杆菌、贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫）对饮用水供应的影响。此外，鉴于气候变化对湖泊影响的相关问题，现代湖沼学面临着冰盖下发生的过程的知识空白。由于严酷的冬季条件，危险的冰面，以及主要数量的低幅度变化，这往往是接近仪器分辨率的极限，在冰盖覆盖期间的环流和混合一直没有得到很好的研究。最近开发的新的观测方法可以克服这些问题，并有助于深入了解冰封湖泊的物理过程。

Although Canada has more fresh water than most nations, changes in the quantity and quality of our available water due to climate change and other human influences greatly affect Canadian life. A description of transport processes such as circulation and irreversible mixing is essential for an understanding of a variety of water quality issues. Examples include trapping of nutrients behind upstream reservoirs, nutrient supply to the photic zone supporting phytoplankton and fisheries food supply, effluent dispersal, and the path of contaminants (such as E. coli, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) to drinking water supply intakes. Furthermore, in view of the problems related to climate change impact on lakes, modern limnology is confronted with the knowledge gap on processes that occur under ice-cover. Circulation and mixing during the ice-covered period has been poorly investigated due to harsh winter conditions, treacherous ice surface, and low-magnitude variability of main quantities, which is often near the limits of instrument resolution. The recent development of new observational methods can overcome these problems and help to provide insight into physical processes in ice-covered lakes.