Novel Building Integrated Energy Systems Toward Net-zero Energy Status

拟议研究的目标是通过对单个部件及其集成系统进行数学建模、模拟和优化，并通过现有测试设施的实验验证，开发适合于净零能耗建筑应用的新型建筑集成能源系统。研究将集中在新的和创新的可再生能源技术，如太阳能光伏/集热器，太阳能辅助的两级变容量空气源热泵，低火用流入/辐射板/强制空气间隔空调系统，热质量和相变材料作为建筑不可分割的一部分的应用，不同系统的混合组合，以及考虑建筑及其暖通空调系统动态和短期天气预报信息的整体最优设计参数和控制策略，以最大限度地利用现场可再生能源潜力，同时保持适当的室内热舒适性。 该项目将集中于建筑集成光伏/热(BIPV/T)集热器和先进的两级可变容量(VC)空气源热泵(ASHP)作为一次能源产生机制，同时探索不同的互补二次暖通空调分配系统，用于净零能耗建筑的供暖和制冷应用。还将重点放在临时/日间储热系统领域，无论它们是建筑物集成的还是分立的，以最大限度地利用BIPV/T+ASHP组合系统的太阳能发电。 为实现上述目标，研究可大致分为四个主要的子项目，每个子项目都侧重于整个系统的不同但相辅相成的方面。这些子项目是：1)基于屋顶的BIPV/T+ASHP系统的设计、建模、仿真和优化；2)临时/全天蓄冷系统的设计、建模、仿真和优化；3)BIPV/T+ASHP组合系统的运行优化建模与分析；4)临时/全天蓄冷系统的运行优化。 研究结果将为先进的混合可再生能源发电及其相关的建筑暖通空调分配系统中的建筑集成可再生能源系统及其最优运行控制策略的设计、评估和部件尺寸确定提供现实而准确的建模工具。这种集成的模拟工具目前还很缺乏，它们的可用性，特别是通过TRNsys和EnergyPlus等最先进的建筑能源模拟程序，可能会促进这些环保、清洁的能源系统在建筑行业更快地采用，这反过来将对加拿大对环境的承诺做出积极贡献，同时提高我们的经济竞争力。拟议的研究项目将提供建模工具和操作策略，能够预测不同的先进建筑综合能源系统，如BIPV/T+ASHP，作为一个整体和作为单个组件，在建筑物广泛和高度动态的热力和电力需求条件下的行为和性能。这些模型将有助于1)估计不同的单个系统及其组合混合配置的能耗和相关的温室气体减排潜力，2)确定不同系统在不同气候和建筑类型中的适宜性，3)确定特定应用的集成系统及其相关部件的最佳尺寸，4)评估不同的系统优化和操作策略，以及5)促进技术商业化。

The objective of the proposed research is to develop novel building integrated energy systems suitable for net-zero energy building applications through mathematical modelling, simulation, and optimization of individual components as well as their integrated systems with experimental validation from the available testing facilities. The research will focus on new and innovative renewable energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic/thermal collector, solar assisted two-stage variable capacity air-source heat pump, combined low-exergy infloor/radiant panel/forced air spacing conditioning system, applications of thermal mass and phase change materials as an integral part of the building, and hybrid combinations of different systems, as well as their overall optimal design parameters and control strategies considering the building and its HVAC system dynamics and short term weather forecast information for maximum utilization of on-site renewable energy potentials while maintaining proper indoor thermal comfort. The project will concentrate on the combined building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collectors coupled with advanced two-stage (TS) variable capacity (VC) air source heat pump (ASHP) as the primary energy generation mechanism while exploring different complementary secondary HVAC distribution systems for both heating and cooling applications in net-zero energy buildings. Emphasis will also be placed in the area of temporary/diurnal thermal storage systems, be they building integrated and/or discrete, for the maximum utilization of the solar energy generation by the combined BIPV/T+ASHP system. To achieve the stated objective the research can be loosely divided into four major subprojects with each concentrating on different but complementary aspect of the complete system. These subprojects are 1) Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Roof based BIPV/T+ASHP System, 2) Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Temporary/Diurnal Thermal Storage System, 3) Operational Optimization Modeling and Analysis of Combined BIPV/T + ASHP System, and 4) Operational Optimization of Temporary/Diurnal Thermal Storage System. The results from the proposed research will provide realistic and accurate modeling tools for designing, assessing, and component sizing of building integrated renewable energy systems and their optimal operational control strategies in advanced hybrid renewable energy generation and their related HVAC distribution systems for buildings. Such integrated simulation tools are currently lacking and their availability, particularly with state-of-the-art building energy simulation program like TRNSYS and EnergyPlus, will likely promote faster adoption of these environmental-friendly, clean energy systems in the building sector, which in turn will contribute positively to Canada's commitment to the environment while increasing our economic competitiveness. The proposed research project will provide modeling tool and operational strategy able to predict the behaviour and performance of different advanced building integrated energy systems, such as BIPV/T+ASHP, as a whole and as each individual component in wide ranging and highly dynamic thermal and electrical demand conditions in buildings. Such models will be useful in 1) estimating different individual systems as well as their combined hybrid configurations energy consumption and associated GHG reduction potentials, 2) determining the suitability of different systems in different climates and building types, 3) determining the optimal size of the integrated systems and its associated components for given applications, 4) evaluating different system optimization and operational strategies, and 5) promoting technology commercialization.