A new era of cartographic and 3D modelling principles customized for legislative decision making related to overlapping and underground legal objects

公证员和政府当局被要求通过提供他们关于可能影响法律对象的权利、责任和限制(RRR)的专业意见来核实房地产交易。为了支持这一重要的立法进程，地籍地图等空间表示法是值得的。然而，他们目前缺乏一些或完整的地籍表示地下物体的文件，如通讯电缆。支持这一提议的中心假设是：“与传统的使用方式相比，立法决策所需的地图和3D模型的设计是与众不同的。” 该研究方案提出了2D和3D建模原则的长期部署，以支持法律地下物体的创新和现代时空表示的产生，以便使其适应立法目的。选定的合法地下对象是通信电缆和采矿财产；具有相似性和独特的特征，是一个为期五年的研究计划。确定了三个目标： 1--通过提出适用于土地保有权制度的数据整合程序和语义模型，改进空间数据交换和互操作性。 2-展示使用2D和3D时空表示和地理信息技术来帮助决策重叠和地下法律对象的存在、几何形状和关系的附加值。 3-制定适应土地保有权表示要求的三维建模和制图设计原则。 该方法基于三个主要行动：(1)调查已知的理论框架，(2)建立科学假设，(3)确定案例研究和合作伙伴。为了避免方法偏差，建议采用定量测试和专家定性观察相结合的方法。 预计将有各种可交付成果，包括： 对于地理信息学社区： -对为地图和3D模型创建新客户的洞察； -三维地籍数据获取和建模准则； -三维模型和二维表示的制图和符号学设计原则； -3D数据整合和语义建模的协议； -在土地保有权制度范围内使用地图和三维模型的成本效益分析； 负责不动产登记和交易核查的人员： -获得创新的二维和三维空间表示法； -更好地了解有关空间建模和表示的立法问题； -更准确的不动产登记和更有效的交易；建立强有力和经过充分核实的土地权； -对适用的土地法政策修订的洞察力； -培训新一代用户，特别是公证人。

Notaries and government authorities are called upon to verify real estate transactions by providing their professional opinion about the Rights, Responsibilities and Restrictions (RRR) that may affect a legal object. To support this important legislative process, spatial representations, such as cadastral maps, are worthwhile. However, they currently lack some or complete documentation for the cadastral representation of underground objects like communication cables. The central hypothesis that supports this proposal is: “The design of maps and 3D models needed for decision making for legislative purposes is distinctive compared to traditional usages.” The research program proposes a long-term deployment of 2D and 3D modelling principles to support the production of innovative and modern spatio-temporal representations of legal underground objects in order to adapt them to legislative purposes. The legal underground objects selected are communication cables and mining properties; with similarities and distinctive characteristics of interest for a five-year research program. Three objectives are identified: 1- Improve spatial data exchange and interoperability by proposing data-integration procedures and semantic modelling adapted to land tenure systems. 2- Demonstrate the value-added of using 2D and 3D spatio-temporal representations and Geoinformation technology to help decision making about the presence, geometry and relationships of overlapping and underground legal objects. 3- Develop 3D modelling and cartographic design principles adapted to land tenure representation requirements. The methodology is based on three main actions: (1) Investigate known theoretical frameworks, (2) Establish scientific hypotheses, (3) Identify case studies and partners. To avoid method bias, a combination of quantitative tests and qualitative observations by specialists is proposed. Various deliverables are anticipated, including: For the Geomatics community: - Insight on the creation of new clients for maps and 3D models; - Guidelines for 3D cadastral data acquisition and modelling; - Cartographic and semiological design principles for 3D models and 2D representations; - Protocols for 3D data integration and semantic modelling; - Cost-benefit analysis of the use of maps and 3D models in the context of land tenure systems; For persons in charge of verifying real estate registrations and transactions: - Access to innovative 2D and 3D spatial representations; - A better understanding of legislative issues regarding spatial modelling and representation; - More accurate real estate registrations and more valid transactions; establishment of strong and well-verified land rights; - Insight of land law policy revision where applicable; - Training of a new generation of users, in particular notaries.