Rigorous Characterization, Modelling, and Mitigation of Aeroengine Response to Inlet Flow Distortion

这项提议旨在通过应对实现具有先进的嵌入式推进系统的商用飞机的挑战来提高航空的可持续性。嵌入式推进系统使用集成在机身中的喷气发动机，而不是悬挂在机翼上。在这样的配置中，燃料消耗可以减少高达4%。这相当于仅加拿大航空公司每年可能节省高达2.38亿美元。在全球范围内，嵌入式推进系统的使用每年可以减少高达2800万吨的二氧化碳排放。 由于与实施相关的重大挑战，现代商用飞机不使用这种类型的发动机配置。这些问题的核心是，在这样的配置中，进入发动机(S)的气流必然是不均匀的，具有速度和压力的变化。这使得设计一种效率与传统机翼下结构相当的发动机变得具有挑战性。特别是，发动机前端的风扇必须处理流动不均匀的问题。 本提案中描述的工作将解决这一挑战的两个方面。 首先，将对这些气流不均匀影响喷气发动机风扇性能的方式进行系统研究。虽然过去的许多研究都着眼于少数特定的测试用例，但还没有研究能够提取可用于帮助发动机设计者的总体趋势。这就是拟议工作的目的。 其次，将开发创新的发动机风扇简化模型，以准确地捕捉不均匀进气气流的影响。这些都很重要，因为除非有准确的简化模型，否则不可能在设计过程的早期就正确地考虑非均匀气流的影响。此外，这种模型的存在将使风扇能够被设计为在存在非均匀气流的情况下具有特定的性能特征，而不仅仅是预测某个风扇设计将如何运行。 预计这两项调查将导致对如何设计嵌入式推进系统以实现尽可能最大限度地减少燃料使用的新见解。将使用计算机模拟和实验来测试设计想法，并确定它们在实践中将产生多大影响。 这项工作与加拿大和世界各地的航空业有关。普拉特和惠特尼加拿大公司等发动机制造商以及庞巴迪航空航天公司等飞机制造商应该对这项工作的结果感兴趣。在加拿大以外，其他发动机和飞机制造商以及相关领域的学者也应该会找到感兴趣的工作。这些成果应该会在使用嵌入式推进系统以及随之而来的燃料消耗减少成为现实方面取得重要进展。

This proposal aims to improve the sustainability of aviation by addressing challenges to realizing commercial aircraft with advanced, embedded propulsion systems. Embedded propulsion systems use jet engines integrated into the fuselage of the aircraft rather than hung from the wings. In such a configuration, fuel consumption could be reduced by up to 4%. This corresponds to a possible annual savings of up to $238 million for Canadian airlines alone. Worldwide, use of embedded propulsion systems could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 28 million tonnes annually. This type of engine configuration is not used in modern commercial aircraft due to major challenges associated with its implementation. These centre around the fact that in such a configuration, the airflow entering the engine(s) is by necessity non-uniform, having variations in velocity and pressure. This makes it challenging to design an engine whose efficiency will match that achieved in a conventional below-the-wing configuration. In particular, the fan at the front of the engine must deal with the flow non-uniformities. The work described in this proposal will address two aspects of this challenge. First, a systematic study of the manner in which these airflow non-uniformities affect the performance of jet engine fans will be undertaken. While many studies in the past have looked at a small number of specific test cases, no studies have had the scope to extract general trends which can be used to help engine designers. This is the aim of the proposed work. Second, innovative simplified models of the engine fan will be developed which accurately capture the effects of the non-uniform incoming airflow. These are important because it is not possible to properly account for the effects of the non-uniform airflow early on in the design process unless accurate simplified models are available. In addition, the existence of such models will enable the fan to be designed to have specific performance characteristics in the presence of non-uniform airflow, rather than just predicting how a certain fan design will behave. It is expected that these two investigations will lead to new insight into how embedded propulsion systems can be designed to achieve the largest possible reduction in fuel use. Computer simulations and experiments will be used to test out design ideas and determine how much impact they will have in practice. This work is relevant to the aviation industry in Canada and worldwide. Engine manufacturers such as Pratt and Whitney Canada as well as aircraft manufacturers like Bombardier Aerospace should be interested in the results of this work. Beyond Canada, other engine and aircraft manufacturers as well as academics working in related fields should also find the work of interest. The outcomes should make important progress towards making the use of embedded propulsion systems, and the accompanying fuel consumption reduction, a reality.