Integrated Solar Energy Systems with Novel Heat Storage Options

由于能源、环境和经济问题日益严重，迫切需要开发可持续能源解决方案，以解决更好的设计和分析、效率、成本效益、资源利用、环境和能源安全问题。本研究旨在实现这些目标，并开发新型集成太阳能系统，该系统具有用于多发电目的的新型储热选项。蓄热子系统被用来抵消需求和供应之间的不匹配，并提供更可持续的系统。本研究主要包括五个部分。第一部分重点介绍了利用多种能源及其与太阳能混合的新型集成多发电系统的概念开发和设计。该系统提供各种有价值的输出，例如电力、空间加热、水加热、蒸汽、水冷却、空调、氢气、海水淡化（淡水和盐）和合成燃料（氨、甲醇、乙醇等）。另一个重要方面是将新的储热选择纳入综合多发电系统，以抵消使用太阳能等可再生能源的需求和供应之间的不匹配。第二部分涉及多代系统中可能遇到的过程的建模和分析，涵盖微观和宏观层面以及多维建模；以及热力学（能量和运动），流体流动，化学，热化学，催化和非催化，电化学，光化学，传热和传质分析（取决于过程的稳定和非稳定形式）。第三部分涉及实验室规模的实验和对各种设计的拟议系统（如热机系统）及其热组件的概念验证测试。通过概念验证测试，对多代系统的关键工艺进行了详细的研究。第四部分涉及开发和测试的多发电系统的多目标优化和性能评估（通过能源和火用效率）。这是基于多目标标准完成的，包括最小化能源破坏、成本和环境影响，以及提高效率和可持续性等。通过成本参数、影响标准和生命周期分析来研究经济、环境、生态和可持续性绩效。最后一部分涉及开发和研究改进系统及其组件以获得更好性能的选项。减少系统的不可逆性和损失，进行热管理，实现热回收和增加有用输出的数量是要完成的三个主要任务。在这方面，进行了参数化研究，以进一步发展这些具体应用并最终确定系统。

Due to increasing energetic, environmental and economic concerns, there is a strong need to develop sustainable energy solutions to address better design and analysis, efficiency, cost effectiveness, resources use, environment and energy security. This research aims to achieve these targets and develop novel integrated solar energy-based systems with novel heat storage options for multigeneration purposes. The heat storage sub-systems are utilized to offset the mismatch between demand and supply and provide more sustainable systems. The research consists of five main parts. The first part focuses on the conceptual development and design of novel integrated multigeneration systems using diverse energy sources and their hybridization with solar energy. The systems provides various valuable outputs, e.g., electricity, space heating, water heating, steam, water cooling, air conditioning, hydrogen, desalination (fresh water and salt) and synthetic fuels (ammonia, methanol, ethanol, etc.). Another important aspect is the novel heat storage options as to be incorporated into the integrated multigeneration systems to offset the mismatch between demand and supply where renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, are used. The second part deals with the modeling and analyses of processes that can be encountered in multigeneration systems, covering micro- and macro-level and multi-dimensional modeling; and thermodynamic (energetically and exergetically), fluid flow, chemical, thermochemical, catalytic and non-catalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, heat and mass transfer analyses (in both steady and unsteady forms depending on the process). The third part involves lab-scale experiments and proof of concept testing on various designs of proposed systems (such as heat engine systems) and their thermal components. Also, key processes of these multigeneration systems are studied in more detail through proof of concept testing. The fourth part deals with multi-objective optimization and performance assessment (through energy and exergy efficiencies) of the multigeneration systems developed and tested. This is done based on multi-objective criteria including minimization of exergy destructions, costs and environmental impact, and increasing efficiency and sustainability, etc. Economic, environmental, ecological and sustainability performances are studied through cost parameters, impact criteria and life cycle analyses. The last part deals with developing and studying the options to improve the systems and their components for better performance. Reducing system irreversibilities and losses, conducting thermal management, achieving heat recovery and increasing the number of useful outputs are three main tasks to accomplish. In this regard, parametric studies are conducted to develop these further for specific applications and finalize the systems.