Development of a Visuo-haptic Guidance System for Surgical Skills Transfer

学习需要专家和新手之间的合作。为了有效地协作，这些合作伙伴必须构建一个公共参考框架（CFR）系统。CFR是一种共享情境的表示，它通过教师和学习者之间的信息交换而不断更新。CFR允许教师和学习者相互理解，并在一个共同的框架内组织他们的行动。在日常生活中，当专家握住新手的手来演示一个动作时，就可以观察到这种范式。当团队合作伙伴交换信息并分享理解的迹象以开发他们的CFR时，就会出现一个接地过程。根据任务的不同，合作伙伴可以使用不同的沟通渠道（声音、视觉和触觉）来开发他们的CFR。这个RTI的主要目标是获得四个

Learning requires collaboration between an expert and a novice. To collaborate efficiently, these partners must construct a Common Frame-of-Reference (CFR) system. The CFR is a representation of the shared situation, which is updated continuously by an information exchange between a teacher and a learner. The CFR allows the teacher and the learner to understand each other and to organize their action in a common framework. In everyday life, this paradigm is observed when an expert takes the hand of a novice to demonstrate a movement. A grounding process occurs when the team partners exchange information and share signs of understanding to develop their CFR. Depending on the task, the partners may use different communication channels (voice, vision, and haptics) to develop their CFR. The main goal of this RTI is to acquire four (4) haptic interface (one for each hand of the teacher and the student) and two high-end laptop computers to develop a new visuo-haptic training system based on the What You-Feel-Is-What-I-Feel (WYFIWIF) paradigm. WYFIWIF will allow trainers to guide novice surgeons haptically and visually. Using this novel MIS training paradigm, the two hands of an expert surgeon will feel and correct haptically the motion and forces a training surgeon hands should apply during a MIS procedure. In WYFIWIF, the student perceives the teacher both visually and haptically while the teacher performs a procedure involving ambidextrous tool use. This comprehensive perception of a task forces the learner to construct movement coordination through practice, and hence facilitates skill acquisition. This new paradigm could replace traditional surgical simulators, which rely on simplified visuo-haptic interaction, and are known to be inaccurate and un-realistic.