High-level trigger computing equipment for the Belle II experiment

贝尔二号实验将解决有关物质本质的基本问题：宇宙大爆炸后发生了什么，以消除宇宙中的反物质？是什么粒子组成了弥漫在宇宙中的暗物质，它们是如何与正常物质相互作用的？这项实验是Belle和Babar实验的后续，这两个实验在2008年诺贝尔物理学奖的官方引文中提到了在同一能量区域内的e+e碰撞研究。Belle II将安装在日本筑波KEK实验室的SuperKEKB e+e对撞机上，旨在将该能源区现有的世界数据样本增加30倍或更多。Belle II的发现潜力是对欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机实验的补充。Belle II的实验环境要干净得多，可以研究大型强子对撞机上被背景淹没的罕见过程，并通过量子环路中的存在，对新的物理相互作用和粒子提供敏感性，质量尺度可以超过大型强子对撞机的覆盖范围。 申请的资金用于购买设备，作为Belle II的高级触发器(HLT)的一部分。HLT实时接收来自Belle II探测器的数据，快速分析数据，并确定将哪些e+e碰撞保存到永久脱机存储中。这个基础设施是处理来自SuperKEKB的第一批e+e碰撞所必需的，该碰撞将于2017年开始。预计到2018年，数据速率将继续大幅上升，这将需要HLT的额外处理能力。这是加拿大对Belle II的重大贡献。加拿大研究人员将受益于获得完整的Belle II数据集，并将参与HLT本身的设计和实施。 这项研究将在世界范围内进一步了解物质的基本成分以及当今宇宙是如何形成的。从事HLT系统工作的加拿大研究人员和学生将获得数据采集和实时计算系统、高带宽数据过滤、健壮算法开发、数据质量监控和高通量计算方面的专业知识，这些技能在新兴的“大数据”行业中是需要的。相关的知识转让将给私营和公共部门带来经济利益。

The Belle II experiment will address fundamental questions about the nature of matter: What happened after the Big Bang to rid the universe of anti-matter? What particle or particles make up the Dark Matter that pervades the universe, and how do they interact with normal matter? This experiment is a successor to the Belle and BaBar experiments, whose studies of e+e- collisions in this same energy region was mentioned in the official citation for the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. Belle II will be located at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider at the KEK laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan, and is designed to increase the existing world data sample in this energy region by a factor of 30 or more. The discovery potential of Belle II is complementary to that of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The experimental environment at Belle II is much cleaner, allowing studies of rare processes that would be swamped by background at the LHC, and providing sensitivity to new physical interactions and particles, at mass scales that can exceed the reach of the LHC, through their presence in quantum loops. The requested funds are for equipment to be used as part of the high-level trigger (HLT) for Belle II. The HLT receives data in real time from the Belle II detector, analyzes it rapidly, and determines which e+e- collisions to save to permanent offline storage. This infrastructure is needed to process the first e+e- collisions from SuperKEKB, which will begin in 2017. The data rate is expected to continue to rise sharply through 2018, which will require additional processing capacity at the HLT. This represents a significant Canadian contribution to Belle II. Canadian researchers will benefit from access to the full Belle II data set, and will be involved in the design and implementation of the HLT itself. This research will further the worldwide knowledge of the fundamental constituents of matter and of how the present-day universe came to be. The Canadian researchers and students who work on the HLT system will acquire expertise in data acquisition and real-time computing systems, high-bandwidth data filtering, robust algorithm development, data quality monitoring and high-throughput computing, skills that are in demand in the burgeoning “Big Data” industry. The associated knowledge transfer will bring economic benefits to the private and public sector.