CMS restorer genes and proteins of Brassica napus (canola)

细胞质雄性不育(CMS)是高等植物普遍存在的一种性状，是线粒体基因组表达新的开放阅读框架(ORF)的结果。在大多数情况下，被称为育性恢复者(RF)的核基因已经被发现可以抑制CMS的表型。这种核恢复基因是特定形式的CMS所特有的，并通过下调与CMS相关的新型线粒体ORF的表达来发挥功能。CMS-恢复系基因系统为研究核和线粒体基因组之间的相互作用提供了一种手段，具有进化意义，因为它们代表着一种“基因组冲突”或进化的“军备竞赛”：母系遗传的、赋予CMS的mtDNA可以在种群中传播，但随着花粉变得有限，可以抑制CMS的恢复基因的进化产生选择压力。我们发现了这两种CMS的新特征，

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread trait among higher plants that results from the expression of novel open reading frames (ORFs) in the mitochondrial genome. In most cases, nuclear genes termed restorers-of-fertility (Rf ) have been identified that can suppress the CMS phenotype. Such nuclear restorer genes are specific for a particular form of CMS and function by down-regulating the expression of the novel, CMS-associated mitochondrial ORF. CMS – restorer gene systems offer a means of studying interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and are of evolutionary interest because they represent a type of “genomic conflict” or evolutionary “arms race”: maternally inherited, CMS-conferring mtDNAs can spread in a population but as pollen becomes limiting, selective pressure builds for the evolution of a restorer gene that can suppress the CMS. We have discovered novel features of the two forms of CMS,