Exploring the mitochondrial phosphoproteome during metabolic stress

线粒体将营养物质中的大部分能量转化为三磷酸腺苷，三磷酸腺苷是完成所有需要能量的细胞生化过程所必需的。因此，需要对线粒体代谢进行严格的调控，以维持细胞在代谢应激期间的存活。例如，线粒体的ATP产量需要在营养供应不足时保持，而必须在运动期间增加，以匹配细胞的能量需求。近年来，激酶作为线粒体功能的重要调节因子出现。这些酶通过添加磷酸基团来改变蛋白质的性质。虽然我们知道几种激酶可以定位在线粒体中，它们可以靶向不同的蛋白质，但对于它们在具有挑战性的代谢条件下调节线粒体新陈代谢的重要性还知之甚少。有趣的是，在这种情况下，受影响的几种代谢副产物可以激活酶的活性。由于线粒体是这些代谢物的关键调节者，在代谢应激过程中，位于线粒体内的激酶可以代表直接的信使来调节线粒体的代谢。

Mitochondria convert most of the energy contained in nutrients into ATP, which is required to perform all cellular biochemical processes needing energy. Therefore, the mitochondrial metabolism needs to be tightly regulated to maintain survival of cells during metabolic stress. For instance, the mitochondrial ATP production needs to be maintained during low nutrient availability whereas it must be increased during exercise to match the energetic needs of cells. Kinases emerged recently as important regulators of mitochondrial functions. These enzymes change the properties of proteins by adding a phosphate group. Although we know that several kinases can be localized in mitochondria where they can target different proteins, little is known about their importance in the regulation of the mitochondrial metabolism during challenging metabolic conditions. Interestingly, the activity of kinases can be activated by several sub-products of the metabolism which are affected in such conditions. Since mitochondria are key regulators of these metabolites, kinases localized within mitochondria could represent direct messengers to regulate the mitochondrial metabolism during metabolic stress.