Intraindividual Variability as an Indicator of Cognitive Function: Contrasting Operationalizations and Exploring Mechanisms

大多数研究都集中在平均表现上（A组相对于B组完成任务的速度或效果如何）。不幸的是，这种以平均值为中心的焦点已经掩盖了对表现中的个体内变异性（IIV）的研究，例如给定个体在一系列响应潜伏期试验中响应的快慢的波动，或者皮质血液动力学响应功能的变化（即，神经复杂性）执行任务时。认知神经科学、神经心理学和数学建模等多个科学学科的共识不断增加，这表明认知功能的理论上有趣的方面不仅仅是平均值。为了进一步了解IIV的特征模式、潜在机制和相关因素，本研究计划将：（1）

Most research focuses on average performance (how much faster or better does group A perform a task relative to Group B). Unfortunately, this mean-centric focus has overshadowed research on intraindividual variability (IIV) in performance, such as the fluctuations in how fast or slow a given individual responds across a series of response latency trials, or the variation in the cortical haemodynamic response function (i.e., neural complexity) when performing a task. Growing consensus from various scientific disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, and mathematical modeling, suggests that theoretically interesting aspects of cognitive function are not captured by the mean alone. To further our understanding of the characteristic patterns, underlying mechanisms, and correlates of IIV, this research program will: (1)