Rats as a Source for Emerging Zoonoses: Understanding the Interactions Between Rats, Pathogens, and the Urban Environment

老鼠一直是并将继续是造成世界各地城市大量人类发病率和死亡率的众多人畜共患病原体（即传播给人的病原体）的来源。其中一些病原体（包括鼠疫的病原）在大鼠之间传播，并通过跳蚤从大鼠传播给人。虽然大鼠的疾病受到多种因素的影响，包括健康状况和慢性应激，但随后疾病向其他大鼠和人的传播与大鼠如何在其环境中移动以及与环境的相互作用直接相关。

Rats have been, and continue to be, the source of numerous zoonotic pathogens (i.e., pathogens transmissible to people) responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in cities around the world. A number of these pathogens (including the etiologic agent of the plague) are transmitted among rats and from rats to people by fleas. While disease in rats is influenced by a variety of factors including health status and chronic stress, the subsequent spread of disease to other rats and to people is directly related to how rats move within and interact with their environment.