Test of gravitational redshift and galactic and extragalactic compact radio sources with the technique of very long baseline interferometry

量子理论和广义相对论是现代物理学的两大支柱。然而，它们是不相容的。虽然量子理论已被证实在一个非常高的精度水平，广义相对论已被证实在几个数量级的精度-并推测需要修改。因此，广义相对论的检验是人们最感兴趣的。我们将利用空间甚长基线干涉测量（空间VLBI）使命射电天文学对广义相对论进行最精确的检验。RadioAstron航天器位于绕地球的偏心轨道上，远地点约为350，000公里，近地点约为20，000公里，其上有一个极其稳定的频率标准，即氢脉泽。氢脉泽信号在其轨道上与来自地面的氢脉泽信号相比将经历不同的引力红移。测量引力红移是对等效原理的检验，被认为是广义相对论的三个经典检验之一。我们将测量引力红移，相对不确定度小至2x 10

Quantum theory and general relativity are the two pillars of modern physics. However, they are incompatible. While quantum theory has been confirmed at an extremely high level of accuracy, general relativity has been confirmed at several orders of magnitude less accuracy -and is speculated to need modification. Tests of general relativity are therefore of primary interest. We will use the space-very-long-baseline interferometry (space VLBI) mission RadioAstron for the most accurate test of general relativity. The RadioAstron spacecraft is on an eccentric orbit around Earth with an apogee of ~350,000 km and a perigee of ~20,000 km, and has an extremely stable frequency standard on board, a hydrogen maser. The hydrogen maser signal will experience the varying gravitational redshift in its orbit when compared with a signal from hydrogen masers from the ground. Measuring the gravitational redshift is a test of the equivalence principle and considered one of the three classical tests of general relativity. We will measure the gravitational redshift with a relative uncertainty as small as 2x10