The effect of disturbance on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in northern forest soils

森林采伐和野火以完全不同的方式扰乱了北方森林土壤中的碳循环。在收获过程中，机械扰动将有机层中的有机物质物理地混合到矿物土壤中，而有机层在火中的燃烧则使有机物质发生化学转化，产生灰烬和焦炭，从而增加pH值并释放养分。尽管火灾和收获广泛发生，但很少有研究比较火灾和收获对土壤中碳循环的影响，更少考虑整个土壤剖面。现有的少量研究结果表明，采伐后30 cm以下土壤有机碳储量在扰动发生后的几年内显著增加，并随着时间的推移而下降。这些碳是从地表运输过来的吗，以什么形式，以什么速率？它是就地矿化还是从系统中输出？在受火灾影响的森林中，地表有机质的运输似乎仅限于A层，这是表层的，通常很薄。为什么?

Forest harvesting and wildfire disturb the carbon cycle in the soils of the boreal forest in fundamentally different ways. During harvesting mechanical disturbance physically mixes organic matter from the organic layer into the mineral soil while combustion of the organic layer in a fire chemically transforms organic matter and produces ash and char that increases the pH and releases nutrients. Despite the widespread occurrence of fire and harvesting, there are few investigations comparing the effects of fire and harvesting on the carbon cycle in the soil, and fewer still that consider the entire soil profile. Findings from the few available studies indicate that SOC stored below 30 cm in harvested forests increases significantly in the years immediately following disturbance and declines through time. Is this carbon transported from the surface, in what form and at what rate? Is it mineralized in situ or does it get exported from the system? In fire affected forests, transport of surface organic matter appears to be limited to the A horizon, which is surficial and typically thin. Why?